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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,956 questions in 143 reviews · Musculoskeletal
current versionsNo studies 555 · 28.4%Ungraded 107 · 5.5%Very low 255 · 13%Low 555 · 28.4%Moderate 357 · 18.3%High 127 · 6.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Summary of findings table ‐ Progressive resistance exercise interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions Quality of life at discharge from hospital · acutely hospitalised older medical patients Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 449 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Progressive resistance exercise interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions Falls during hospitalisation · acutely hospitalised older medical patients Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.48, 1.91] | 5 studies · 995 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Progressive resistance exercise interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions Medical deterioration during hospitalisation · acutely hospitalised older medical patients Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.52, 1.87] | 7 studies · 1798 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Progressive resistance exercise interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions Participant global assessment of success · acutely hospitalised older medical patients Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings table ‐ Exercise interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions Functional ability: new incidence of delirium during hospitalisation · acutely hospitalised medical patients Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.58, 1.41] | 7 studies · 2088 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Exercise interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions Quality of life at discharge from hospital · acutely hospitalised medical patients Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 875 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Exercise interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions Falls during hospitalisation · acutely hospitalised medical patients Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.59, 1.65] | 9 studies · 1787 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Exercise interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions Medical deterioration during hospitalisation · acutely hospitalised medical patients Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [0.62, 1.68] | 11 studies · 2730 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Exercise interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions Participant global assessment of success · acutely hospitalised medical patients Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings table ‐ Rehabilitation‐related activity interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions Functional ability: independence with activities of daily living at discharge from hospital · acutely hospitalised older medical patients Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 2838 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Rehabilitation‐related activity interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions Functional ability: functional mobility at discharge from hospital · acutely hospitalised older medical patients Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 975 participants | Ungraded |
Customised foot orthoses vs shoes Pain (measured as proportion with pain) · children with asymptomatic flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.67, 1.07] | NR | Low |
Prefabricated foot orthoses vs shoes Quality of life · children with asymptomatic flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prefabricated foot orthoses vs shoes Treatment success · children with asymptomatic flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prefabricated foot orthoses vs shoes Withdrawal due to adverse events · children with asymptomatic flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.79, 1.23] | NR | Very low |
Prefabricated foot orthoses vs shoes Adverse events · children with asymptomatic flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prefabricated foot orthoses vs shoes Serious adverse events · children with asymptomatic flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Custom foot orthoses vs prefabricated foot orthoses Pain(measured as proportion with pain) · children with asymptomatic flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.93 [0.73, 1.18] | NR | Low |
Custom foot orthoses vs prefabricated foot orthoses Function or disability · children with asymptomatic flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Custom foot orthoses vs prefabricated foot orthoses Quality of life · children with asymptomatic flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Custom foot orthoses vs prefabricated foot orthoses Treatment success · children with asymptomatic flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Custom foot orthoses vs prefabricated foot orthoses Withdrawal due to adverse events · children with asymptomatic flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.9, 1.12] | NR | Low |
Customised foot orthoses vs shoes Function or disability · children with asymptomatic flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Custom foot orthoses vs prefabricated foot orthoses Adverse events · children with asymptomatic flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Custom foot orthoses vs prefabricated foot orthoses Serious adverse events · children with asymptomatic flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Custom foot orthoses vs shoes Pain(measured on 0 to 10‐point VAS; lower = less pain) · children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Custom foot orthoses vs shoes Function or disability (measured on 0 to 100‐point FFI; 0 = no disability) · children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Custom foot orthoses vs shoes Quality of life (child‐rated) (measured on 0 to 100‐point PedsQL; higher score = better QoL) · children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Custom foot orthoses vs shoes Quality of life (parent‐rated) (measured on 0 to 100‐point PedsQL; higher score = better QoL) · children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Custom foot orthoses vs shoes Treatment success (measured on the 50FTW (seconds)) · children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Custom foot orthoses vs shoes Withdrawal due to adverse events · children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.58 [0.11, 2.94] | NR | Low |
Custom foot orthoses vs shoes Adverse events · children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Custom foot orthoses vs shoes Serious adverse events · children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Customised foot orthoses vs shoes Quality of life · children with asymptomatic flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prefabricated foot orthoses vs shoes Pain(measured on 0 to 10‐point VAS; lower = less pain) · children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Prefabricated foot orthoses vs shoes Function or disability (measured on 0 to 100‐point FFI; 0 = no disability) · children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Prefabricated foot orthoses vs shoes Quality of life (child‐rated) (measured on 0 to 100‐point PedsQL; higher score = better QoL) · children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Prefabricated foot orthoses vs shoes Quality of life (parent‐rated) (measured on 0 to 100‐point PedsQL; higher score = better QoL) · children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Prefabricated foot orthoses vs shoes Treatment success (measured on the 50FWT (seconds)) · children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Prefabricated foot orthoses vs shoes Withdrawal due to adverse events · children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.72 [0.14, 3.61] | NR | Ungraded |
Prefabricated foot orthoses vs shoes Adverse events · children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prefabricated foot orthoses vs shoes Serious adverse events · children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Custom foot orthoses vs prefabricated foot orthoses Pain(measured on 0 to 10‐point VAS; lower = less pain) · children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Custom foot orthoses vs prefabricated foot orthoses Function or disability (measured on 0 to 100‐point FFI; 0 = no disability) · children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Customised foot orthoses vs shoes Treatment success · children with asymptomatic flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Custom foot orthoses vs prefabricated foot orthoses Quality of life (child‐rated) (measured on 0 to 100‐point PedsQL; higher score = better QoL) · children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Custom foot orthoses vs prefabricated foot orthoses Quality of life (parent‐rated) (measured on 0 to 100‐point PedsQL; higher score = better QoL) · children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Custom foot orthoses vs prefabricated foot orthoses Treatment success (measured on the 50FWT (seconds)) · children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Custom foot orthoses vs prefabricated foot orthoses Withdrawal due to adverse events · children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.8 [0.13, 4.87] | NR | Low |
Custom foot orthoses vs prefabricated foot orthoses Adverse effects · children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and flat feet Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |