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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
775 questions in 58 reviews · Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma
current versionsNo studies 166 · 21.4%Ungraded 24 · 3.1%Very low 356 · 45.9%Low 162 · 20.9%Moderate 47 · 6.1%High 20 · 2.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Soft vs hard running shoes Number of runners who failed to return to running or their previous level of running · healthy adults participating in recreational running Running shoes for preventing lower limb running injuries in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Soft vs hard running shoes Runner satisfaction with footwear · healthy adults participating in recreational running Running shoes for preventing lower limb running injuries in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Soft vs hard running shoes Adverse events (e.g. skin complaints) other than musculoskeletal injuries · healthy adults participating in recreational running Running shoes for preventing lower limb running injuries in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Soft vs hard running shoes Number of runners requiring hospital admission or surgery, or both, for musculoskeletal injury or adverse event · healthy adults participating in recreational running Running shoes for preventing lower limb running injuries in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Running shoes recommended and selected on foot posture vs running shoes not recommended and selected on foot posture Injury Incidence Rate (injuries / 1000 person‐days)a · military personnel Running shoes for preventing lower limb running injuries in adults (2022) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 1.03 [0.94, 1.13] | 3 studies · 7203 participants | Moderate |
Neutral / cushioned vs minimalist running shoes Number of lower‐limb running injuries · healthy adults participating in recreational running Running shoes for preventing lower limb running injuries in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Running shoes recommended and selected on foot posture vs running shoes not recommended and selected on foot posture Number of runners sustaining a lower‐limb running injury · military personnel Running shoes for preventing lower limb running injuries in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Running shoes recommended and selected on foot posture vs running shoes not recommended and selected on foot posture Number of runners who failed to return to running or their previous level of running · military personnel Running shoes for preventing lower limb running injuries in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Running shoes recommended and selected on foot posture vs running shoes not recommended and selected on foot posture Runner satisfaction with footwear · military personnel Running shoes for preventing lower limb running injuries in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Running shoes recommended and selected on foot posture vs running shoes not recommended and selected on foot posture Adverse events (e.g. skin complaints) other than musculoskeletal injuries · military personnel Running shoes for preventing lower limb running injuries in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Running shoes recommended and selected on foot posture vs running shoes not recommended and selected on foot posture Number of runners requiring hospital admission or surgery, or both, for musculoskeletal injury or adverse event · military personnel Running shoes for preventing lower limb running injuries in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Neutral / cushioned vs minimalist running shoes Number of runners who failed to return to running or their previous level of running · healthy adults participating in recreational running Running shoes for preventing lower limb running injuries in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Neutral / cushioned vs minimalist running shoes Runner satisfaction with footwear · healthy adults participating in recreational running Running shoes for preventing lower limb running injuries in adults (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.73 [0.47, 1.12] | 1 study · 24 participants | Low |
Neutral / cushioned vs minimalist running shoes Adverse events (e.g. skin complaints) other than musculoskeletal injuries · healthy adults participating in recreational running Running shoes for preventing lower limb running injuries in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Neutral / cushioned vs minimalist running shoes Number of runners requiring hospital admission or surgery, or both, for musculoskeletal injury or adverse event · healthy adults participating in recreational running Running shoes for preventing lower limb running injuries in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Motion control vs neutral / cushioned running shoes Number of runners sustaining a lower‐limb running injurya ( · healthy adults participating in recreational running Running shoes for preventing lower limb running injuries in adults (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.3, 2.81] | 2 studies · 421 participants | Very low |
Motion control vs neutral / cushioned running shoes Number of lower‐limb running injuries · healthy adults participating in recreational running Running shoes for preventing lower limb running injuries in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Motion control vs neutral / cushioned running shoes Number of runners who failed to return to running or their previous level of running · healthy adults participating in recreational running Running shoes for preventing lower limb running injuries in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Total studies: 56 Total participants: 9419 · older adults (> 60 years of age) with intracapsular hip fractures; most fractures in the included studies were displaced Surgical interventions for treating intracapsular hip fractures in older adults: a network meta‐analysis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 56 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Pins (No direct evidence, indirect evidence only) · older adults (> 60 years of age) with intracapsular hip fractures; most fractures in the included studies were displaced Surgical interventions for treating intracapsular hip fractures in older adults: a network meta‐analysis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.78, 1.37] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Screws (3 RCTs; 152 participants)a · older adults (> 60 years of age) with intracapsular hip fractures; most fractures in the included studies were displaced Surgical interventions for treating intracapsular hip fractures in older adults: a network meta‐analysis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.09 [0.9, 1.33] | 3 studies · 152 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Non‐operative treatment (No direct evidence, indirect evidence only) · older adults (> 60 years of age) with intracapsular hip fractures; most fractures in the included studies were displaced Surgical interventions for treating intracapsular hip fractures in older adults: a network meta‐analysis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.1 [0.59, 2.07] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Cemented modern unipolar hemiarthroplasty · older adults (> 60 years of age) with intracapsular hip fractures; most fractures in the included studies were displaced Surgical interventions for treating intracapsular hip fractures in older adults: a network meta‐analysis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Total studies: 13 Total participants: 2744 · older adults (> 60 years of age) with intracapsular hip fractures; most fractures in the included studies were displaced Surgical interventions for treating intracapsular hip fractures in older adults: a network meta‐analysis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 13 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Dynamic fixed angle plate (No direct evidence, indirect evidence only) · older adults (> 60 years of age) with intracapsular hip fractures; most fractures in the included studies were displaced Surgical interventions for treating intracapsular hip fractures in older adults: a network meta‐analysis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Uncemented modern bipolar hemiarthroplasty (No direct evidence, indirect evidence only) · older adults (> 60 years of age) with intracapsular hip fractures; most fractures in the included studies were displaced Surgical interventions for treating intracapsular hip fractures in older adults: a network meta‐analysis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Cemented modern bipolar hemiarthroplasty (1 RCT; 120 participants)a · older adults (> 60 years of age) with intracapsular hip fractures; most fractures in the included studies were displaced Surgical interventions for treating intracapsular hip fractures in older adults: a network meta‐analysis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 120 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Uncemented modern unipolar hemiarthroplasty (1 RCT; 201 participants)a · older adults (> 60 years of age) with intracapsular hip fractures; most fractures in the included studies were displaced Surgical interventions for treating intracapsular hip fractures in older adults: a network meta‐analysis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 201 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Total hip arthroplasty (single articulation) (1 RCT; 120 participants)a · older adults (> 60 years of age) with intracapsular hip fractures; most fractures in the included studies were displaced Surgical interventions for treating intracapsular hip fractures in older adults: a network meta‐analysis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 120 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Dynamic fixed angle plate (2 RCTs; 246 participants)a · older adults (> 60 years of age) with intracapsular hip fractures; most fractures in the included studies were displaced Surgical interventions for treating intracapsular hip fractures in older adults: a network meta‐analysis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [0.79, 1.32] | 2 studies · 246 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Screws (1 RCT; 60 participants)a · older adults (> 60 years of age) with intracapsular hip fractures; most fractures in the included studies were displaced Surgical interventions for treating intracapsular hip fractures in older adults: a network meta‐analysis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Non‐operative treatment (No direct evidence, indirect evidence only) · older adults (> 60 years of age) with intracapsular hip fractures; most fractures in the included studies were displaced Surgical interventions for treating intracapsular hip fractures in older adults: a network meta‐analysis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Cemented modern unipolar hemiarthroplasty · older adults (> 60 years of age) with intracapsular hip fractures; most fractures in the included studies were displaced Surgical interventions for treating intracapsular hip fractures in older adults: a network meta‐analysis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Total studies: 53 Total participants: 9493 · older adults (> 60 years of age) with intracapsular hip fractures; most fractures in the included studies were displaced Surgical interventions for treating intracapsular hip fractures in older adults: a network meta‐analysis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 53 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Dynamic fixed angle plate (1 RCT; 190 participants)a · older adults (> 60 years of age) with intracapsular hip fractures; most fractures in the included studies were displaced Surgical interventions for treating intracapsular hip fractures in older adults: a network meta‐analysis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 4.63 [2.94, 7.3] | 1 study · 190 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Uncemented first‐generation bipolar hemiarthroplasty (No direct evidence, indirect evidence only) · older adults (> 60 years of age) with intracapsular hip fractures; most fractures in the included studies were displaced Surgical interventions for treating intracapsular hip fractures in older adults: a network meta‐analysis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.36 [0.1, 17.63] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Uncemented modern bipolar hemiarthroplasty (No direct evidence, indirect evidence only) · older adults (> 60 years of age) with intracapsular hip fractures; most fractures in the included studies were displaced Surgical interventions for treating intracapsular hip fractures in older adults: a network meta‐analysis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.92 [0.75, 4.95] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Cemented modern bipolar hemiarthroplasty (3 RCTs; 485 participants)a · older adults (> 60 years of age) with intracapsular hip fractures; most fractures in the included studies were displaced Surgical interventions for treating intracapsular hip fractures in older adults: a network meta‐analysis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.4 [0.84, 2.35] | 3 studies · 485 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Uncemented first‐generation unipolar hemiarthroplasty (1 RCT; 400 participants)a · older adults (> 60 years of age) with intracapsular hip fractures; most fractures in the included studies were displaced Surgical interventions for treating intracapsular hip fractures in older adults: a network meta‐analysis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.43 [0.85, 2.4] | 1 study · 400 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Uncemented modern unipolar hemiarthroplasty (3 RCTs; 491 participants)a · older adults (> 60 years of age) with intracapsular hip fractures; most fractures in the included studies were displaced Surgical interventions for treating intracapsular hip fractures in older adults: a network meta‐analysis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.83 [0.52, 6.41] | 3 studies · 491 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Uncemented first‐generation bipolar hemiarthroplasty (No direct evidence, indirect evidence only) · older adults (> 60 years of age) with intracapsular hip fractures; most fractures in the included studies were displaced Surgical interventions for treating intracapsular hip fractures in older adults: a network meta‐analysis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.42 [0.82, 2.45] | NR | Low |
Intervention NR Total hip arthroplasty (single articulation) (3 RCTs; 306 participants)a · older adults (> 60 years of age) with intracapsular hip fractures; most fractures in the included studies were displaced Surgical interventions for treating intracapsular hip fractures in older adults: a network meta‐analysis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.45 [0.87, 2.42] | 3 studies · 306 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Dual‐mobility total hip arthroplasty (No direct evidence, indirect evidence only) · older adults (> 60 years of age) with intracapsular hip fractures; most fractures in the included studies were displaced Surgical interventions for treating intracapsular hip fractures in older adults: a network meta‐analysis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 [0.02, 17.67] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Pins (No direct evidence, indirect evidence only) · older adults (> 60 years of age) with intracapsular hip fractures; most fractures in the included studies were displaced Surgical interventions for treating intracapsular hip fractures in older adults: a network meta‐analysis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 4.16 [2.53, 6.84] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Screws (2 RCTs; 278 participants)a · older adults (> 60 years of age) with intracapsular hip fractures; most fractures in the included studies were displaced Surgical interventions for treating intracapsular hip fractures in older adults: a network meta‐analysis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 5.04 [3.25, 7.82] | 2 studies · 278 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Non‐operative treatment (No direct evidence, indirect evidence only) · older adults (> 60 years of age) with intracapsular hip fractures; most fractures in the included studies were displaced Surgical interventions for treating intracapsular hip fractures in older adults: a network meta‐analysis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 5.41 [1.8, 16.26] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Cemented modern unipolar hemiarthroplasty · older adults (> 60 years of age) with intracapsular hip fractures; most fractures in the included studies were displaced Surgical interventions for treating intracapsular hip fractures in older adults: a network meta‐analysis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Uncemented modern bipolar hemiarthroplasty (No direct evidence, indirect evidence only) · older adults (> 60 years of age) with intracapsular hip fractures; most fractures in the included studies were displaced Surgical interventions for treating intracapsular hip fractures in older adults: a network meta‐analysis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.37 [1.02, 1.85] | NR | Low |
Intervention NR Cemented modern bipolar hemiarthroplasty (6 RCTs; 771 participants)a · older adults (> 60 years of age) with intracapsular hip fractures; most fractures in the included studies were displaced Surgical interventions for treating intracapsular hip fractures in older adults: a network meta‐analysis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.14 [0.92, 1.42] | 6 studies · 771 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Uncemented first‐generation unipolar hemiarthroplasty (4 RCTs; 668 participants)a · older adults (> 60 years of age) with intracapsular hip fractures; most fractures in the included studies were displaced Surgical interventions for treating intracapsular hip fractures in older adults: a network meta‐analysis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.06 [0.86, 1.3] | 4 studies · 668 participants | Low |