What do systematic reviews say?

1,438 questions · 1,463 findings · 125 reviews · Anaesthesia

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No studies found 197 · 13.5%GRADE not reported 203 · 13.9%Very low 307 · 21%Low 441 · 30.1%Moderate 245 · 16.7%High 70 · 4.8%

Intervention not reported

Pain on movement at 30 minutes after block placement · patients with hip fracture

1 finding from 1 review

Peripheral nerve blocks for hip fractures in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
11 studies · 503 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Acute confusional state · patients with hip fracture

The intervention leads to lower acute confusional state (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Peripheral nerve blocks for hip fractures in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.67 [0.5, 0.9]
13 studies · 1072 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Myocardial infarction · patients with hip fracture

1 finding from 1 review

Peripheral nerve blocks for hip fractures in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 31 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Chest infections · patients with hip fracture

The intervention probably leads to lower chest infections (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Peripheral nerve blocks for hip fractures in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.41 [0.19, 0.89]
3 studies · 131 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Death · patients with hip fracture

The intervention showed no clear difference in death (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Peripheral nerve blocks for hip fractures in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.87 [0.47, 1.6]
11 studies · 617 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Time to first mobilization · patients with hip fracture

1 finding from 1 review

Peripheral nerve blocks for hip fractures in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 208 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Cost of analgesic regimens for single‐injection blocks · patients with hip fracture

1 finding from 1 review

Peripheral nerve blocks for hip fractures in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 75 participants
Moderate

Topical anaesthesia plus intracameral lidocaine vs topical anaesthesia alone

Intraoperative pain or discomfort (continuous data) · adults undergoing phacoemulsification cataract surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Topical anaesthesia plus intracameral lidocaine versus topical anaesthesia alone for phacoemulsification cataract… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate

Topical anaesthesia plus intracameral lidocaine vs topical anaesthesia alone

Intraoperative pain or discomfort (dichotomous data) · adults undergoing phacoemulsification cataract surgery

Topical anaesthesia plus intracameral lidocaine probably leads to lower intraoperative pain or discomfort (dichotomous data) compared with topical anaesthesia alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical anaesthesia plus intracameral lidocaine versus topical anaesthesia alone for phacoemulsification cataract… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.4 [0.29, 0.57]
Studies not reported
Moderate

Topical anaesthesia plus intracameral lidocaine vs topical anaesthesia alone

Discomfort/pain · adults undergoing phacoemulsification cataract surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Topical anaesthesia plus intracameral lidocaine versus topical anaesthesia alone for phacoemulsification cataract… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate

Topical anaesthesia plus intracameral lidocaine vs topical anaesthesia alone

Participant satisfaction · adults undergoing phacoemulsification cataract surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Topical anaesthesia plus intracameral lidocaine versus topical anaesthesia alone for phacoemulsification cataract… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Topical anaesthesia plus intracameral lidocaine vs topical anaesthesia alone

Need for additional anaesthesia during surgery Assessed dichotomously, as 'additional anaesthesia given' or 'additional anaesthesia not given' · adults undergoing phacoemulsification cataract surgery

Topical anaesthesia plus intracameral lidocaine showed no clear difference in need for additional anaesthesia during surgery Assessed… compared with topical anaesthesia alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical anaesthesia plus intracameral lidocaine versus topical anaesthesia alone for phacoemulsification cataract… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.88 [0.56, 1.39]
Studies not reported
Low

Topical anaesthesia plus intracameral lidocaine vs topical anaesthesia alone

Mean change of endothelial cell loss · adults undergoing phacoemulsification cataract surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Topical anaesthesia plus intracameral lidocaine versus topical anaesthesia alone for phacoemulsification cataract… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate

Topical anaesthesia plus intracameral lidocaine vs topical anaesthesia alone

Intraoperative adverse surgical events attributable to choice of anaesthesia · adults undergoing phacoemulsification cataract surgery

Topical anaesthesia plus intracameral lidocaine showed no clear difference in intraoperative adverse surgical events attributable to choice of… compared with topical anaesthesia alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical anaesthesia plus intracameral lidocaine versus topical anaesthesia alone for phacoemulsification cataract… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1 [0.32, 3.16]
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Preoperative anxiety (VAS) VAS (0 to 100 mm) measured approximately 50 to 120 minutes after premedication 0: no anxiety 100: maximum anxiety possible · patents undergoing elective surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Melatonin for preoperative and postoperative anxiety in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
18 studies · 1264 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Immediate postoperative anxiety (VAS) VAS (0 to 100 mm) measured approximately 90 minutes after surgery or in recovery room 0: no anxiety 100: maximum anxiety possible · patients undergoing elective surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Melatonin for preoperative and postoperative anxiety in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 176 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Postoperative anxiety (6‐item STAI) STAI 6‐item (6 to 24) measured 1 hour and 6 hours after surgery 6: no anxiety 24: maximum anxiety possible · patients undergoing elective surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Melatonin for preoperative and postoperative anxiety in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 35 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Preoperative anxiety (STAI) STAI (20 to 80) measured approximately 120 minutes after premedication 20: no anxiety 80: maximum anxiety possible · patents undergoing elective surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Melatonin for preoperative and postoperative anxiety in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 44 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Preoperative anxiety (6‐item STAI) STAI 6‐item (6 to 24) measured approximately 90 minutes after premedication 6: no anxiety 24: maximum anxiety possible · patents undergoing elective surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Melatonin for preoperative and postoperative anxiety in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 36 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Immediate postoperative anxiety (VAS) VAS (0 to 100 mm) measured after surgery, in recovery, or at discharge from recovery room 0: no anxiety 100: maximum anxiety possible · patents undergoing elective surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Melatonin for preoperative and postoperative anxiety in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 524 participants
Low