Summary of findings for the main comparisons: Agonist pharmacological showed no clear difference in criminal activity dichotomous ‐ Re‐incarceration official records compared with no intervention (low certainty).
Summary of findings for the main comparisons: Antagonost (Naltrexone) probably leads to lower criminal activity dichotomous ‐ Reincarceration official records compared with no pharmacological (moderate certainty).
Summary of findings for the main comparisons: Antagonost (Naltrexone) showed no clear difference in drug use (objective) urine screen compared with no pharmacological (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether cognitive behavioural therapy and other therapies changes arrested for any crime at 6 months compared with prison therapeutic community (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether cognitive behavioural therapy and other therapies changes criminal activity at 6 months compared with prison therapeutic community (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether cognitive behavioural therapy and other therapies changes drug‐related crime at 6 months compared with prison therapeutic community (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether cognitive behavioural therapy and other therapies changes arrested (not parole violation) at 6 months compared with prison therapeutic community (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether cognitive behavioural therapy and other therapies changes self‐reported drug use at 6 months compared with prison therapeutic community (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether cognitive behavioural therapy and standard therapy changes incarceration at 3 months compared with treatment (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether dialectic behaviour therapy with case management changes positive drug test using urine sample at 6 months compared with a health promotion scheme (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether dialectic behaviour therapy with case management changes number not using marijuana at 6 months compared with a health promotion scheme (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether dialectic behaviour therapy with case management changes number not using crack at 6 months compared with a health promotion scheme (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether dialectic behaviour therapy with case management changes number not using cocaine at 6 months compared with a health promotion scheme (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether dialectic behaviour therapy with case management changes number not using heroin at 6 months compared with a health promotion scheme (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether dialectic behaviour therapy with case management changes number not using methamphetamine at 6 months compared with a health promotion scheme (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether dialectic behaviour therapy with case management changes self‐report of no drug use at 6 months compared with a health promotion scheme (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether therapeutic community changes incarcerated for drug offences at 18 months compared with work release (very low certainty).