Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

115 questions · 132 findings · 9 reviews · Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma

No studies found 22 · 16.7%GRADE not reported 8 · 6.1%Very low 70 · 53%Low 23 · 17.4%Moderate 4 · 3%High 5 · 3.8%

Exercise vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people who experience a fall that required medical attention · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

Summary of findings: exercise (all types) may leads to lower number of people who experienced one or more falls that required… compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: 3D (Tai Chi) exercise vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Falls · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

Summary of findings: 3D (Tai Chi) exercise may leads to lower rate of falls (falls per person‐year) compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: 3D (Tai Chi) exercise vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people who experienced one or more falls · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

Summary of findings: 3D (Tai Chi) exercise leads to lower number of people who experienced one or more falls compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: 3D (Tai Chi) exercise vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people sustaining one or more fall‐related fractures · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: figure‐of‐eight bandage vs arm sling

Shoulder function · patients (mainly young male adults) with fractures of the middle third of the clavicle

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: figure‐of‐eight bandage changes shoulder function Constant score (0 to 100 points: higher = better) compared with arm sling (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: figure‐of‐eight bandage vs arm sling

Pain intensity (0‐10cm visual analogue scale) · patients (mainly young male adults) with fractures of the middle third of the clavicle

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: figure‐of‐eight bandage changes pain (early) Visual Analogue Scale ‐ VAS (0 (no pain) to 10 (worst… compared with arm sling (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: figure‐of‐eight bandage vs arm sling

Treatment failure (Number of participants who have undergone or are being considered for a surgical intervention) · patients (mainly young male adults) with fractures of the middle third of the clavicle

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: figure‐of‐eight bandage vs arm sling

Clinical healing ‐ Time to clinical fracture consolidation (days) · patients (mainly young male adults) with fractures of the middle third of the clavicle

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: figure‐of‐eight bandage changes clinical healing ‐ time to clinical fracture consolidation (weeks) compared with arm sling (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: figure‐of‐eight bandage vs arm sling

Return to previous activities ‐ Resumption of school/work (weeks) · patients (mainly young male adults) with fractures of the middle third of the clavicle

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: figure‐of‐eight bandage changes return to previous activities ‐ Resumption of school/work (weeks) compared with arm sling (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multifactorial interventions vs usual care

Risk of falling Length of · and

Summary of findings: Multifactorial interventions showed no clear difference in risk of falling Length of compared with usual care (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review