Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

94 questions · 96 findings · 16 reviews · Back and Neck

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No studies found 1 · 1%GRADE not reported 4 · 4.2%Very low 33 · 34.4%Low 34 · 35.4%Moderate 22 · 22.9%High 2 · 2.1%

Manipulation (thoracic) vs inactive control

Acute and subacute neck pain Short‐term · patients with acute, subacute and chronic neck pain

Manipulation (thoracic) showed no clear difference in acute and subacute neck pain Short‐term compared with inactive control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Manipulation and mobilisation for neck pain contrasted against an inactive control or another active treatment 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 242 participants
Moderate

High‐intensity exercise vs low‐intensity exercise programmes four to six weeks after lumbar disc surgery

Pain (short term) VAS · patients four to six weeks after lumbar disc surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Rehabilitation after lumbar disc surgery 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
103 participants
Very low

High‐intensity exercise vs low‐intensity exercise programmes four to six weeks after lumbar disc surgery

Function (short term) RDQ or ODI · patients four to six weeks after lumbar disc surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Rehabilitation after lumbar disc surgery 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
103 participants
Low

Supervised programmes vs home exercises

Pain (short term) VAS or five‐point box scale · patients four to six weeks after lumbar disc surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Rehabilitation after lumbar disc surgery 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
229 participants
Very low

Supervised programmes vs home exercises

Functional status, short‐term · patients four to six weeks after lumbar disc surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Rehabilitation after lumbar disc surgery 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
229 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Functional status, short term Oswestry Disability Index (ODI 0 to 100%) or Roland Morris (0 to 24) · participants with lumbar spinal stenosis

1 finding from 1 review

Rehabilitation following surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
340 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Leg pain, short term Visual analog scale (VAS 0 to 100) · participants with lumbar spinal stenosis

1 finding from 1 review

Rehabilitation following surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
340 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Low back pain, short term Visual analogue scale (VAS 0 to 100) · participants with lumbar spinal stenosis

1 finding from 1 review

Rehabilitation following surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
340 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

General health, short term Visual analogue scale (VAS 100 to 0) · participants with lumbar spinal stenosis

1 finding from 1 review

Rehabilitation following surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
238 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Pain Intensity ‐ short‐term · Patients with subacute/chronic mechanical neck pain

1 finding from 1 review

Massage for mechanical neck disorders 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 106 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Pain Intensity: Short term · Patients with unknown duration of mechanical neck pain

1 finding from 1 review

Massage for mechanical neck disorders 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 180 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Pain Intensity: short‐term · Patients with subacute/chronic mechanical neck pain

1 finding from 1 review

Massage for mechanical neck disorders 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 108 participants
Low

Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments vs waiting list control

Pain intensity VAS (0 to 100; 0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain) · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 74 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Functional status (generic) Sickness Impact Profile (0‐136) short‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 61 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Depression Beck Depression Inventory (0‐63) short‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 61 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Functional status (generic) various scales short‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 77 participants
Low

Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments vs waiting list control

Functional status (generic) various scales short‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 74 participants
Low

Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments vs other treatments

Pain intensity VAS (0 to 100; 0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain) · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 330 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments vs other treatments

Back‐specific functional status · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 330 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments vs other treatments

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 146 participants
Low