Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

670 questions · 695 findings · 72 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 160 · 23%GRADE not reported 58 · 8.3%Very low 291 · 41.9%Low 148 · 21.3%Moderate 35 · 5%High 3 · 0.4%

Psychological interventions (including health education) vs usual care

Proportion of participants returning to work in the medium term (6 months ‐ 1 year) · patients with coronary heart disease

It is very uncertain whether psychological interventions (including health education) changes proportion of participants returning to work in the medium term (6… compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions (including health education) vs usual care

Return to work · patients with coronary heart disease

Psychological interventions (including health education) showed no clear difference in proportion of participants at work in the long term (> 1 to < 5 years) compared with usual care (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Primary health professional‐led psychological interventions vs usual care or no treatment

Prevalence of adults with probable PTSD (1 to 6 months post intervention) Diagnosis defined by HTQ ≥ 1.75 (RR > 1 denotes lower prevalence compared to control) · adults with post‐traumatic stress or common mental disorders

Primary health professional‐led psychological interventions may leads to higher prevalence of adults with probable PTSD (1 to 6 months post… compared with usual or no care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary health professional‐led psychological interventions vs usual care or no treatment

Anxiety and depression · adults with post‐traumatic stress or common mental disorders

Primary health professional‐led psychological interventions may leads to higher prevalence of adults with probable depression or anxiety (1 to 6… compared with usual or no care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary health professional‐led psychological interventions vs usual care or no treatment

Severity of PTSD symptoms · adults with post‐traumatic stress or common mental disorders

It is very uncertain whether primary health professional‐led psychological interventions changes PTS symptoms (1 to 6 months post intervention) Harvard Trauma… compared with usual or no care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary health professional‐led psychological interventions vs usual care or no treatment

Depression symptoms (1 to 6 months post intervention) Hopkins Symptom Checklist ‐ depression (higher score = higher severity) · adults with post‐traumatic stress or common mental disorders

It is very uncertain whether primary health professional‐led psychological interventions changes depression symptoms (1 to 6 months post intervention) Hopkins… compared with usual or no care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary health professional‐led psychological interventions vs usual care or no treatment

Functional impairment · adults with post‐traumatic stress or common mental disorders

It is very uncertain whether primary health professional‐led psychological interventions changes functional impairment (1 to 6 months post intervention) Locally… compared with usual or no care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary health professional‐led psychological interventions vs usual care or no treatment

Adverse events (RR > 1 denotes greater risk of harm) · adults with post‐traumatic stress or common mental disorders

It is very uncertain whether primary health professional‐led psychological interventions changes adverse events (RR > 1 denotes greater risk of harm) compared with usual or no care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Discontinuation with high‐intensity psychological interventions vs continuation

Risk of relapse (as defined by study authors) (HR) · participants with long‐term antidepressants for depressive disorders

Discontinuation with high‐intensity psychological interventions showed no clear difference in risk of relapse (as defined by study authors) (HR) compared with continuation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapy vs control intervention

Improvement in pain scores—Integrated approach (somatic, psychological, dietary, environmental and physiotherapeutic factors) versus standard care · women with chronic pelvic pain

Psychological therapy showed no clear difference in improvement in pain scores—Integrated approach (somatic,… compared with control interventions (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review