What do systematic reviews say?

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention changes blood pressure control compared with regular salt (very low certainty).

• Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.12 [1.32, 3.41]
  2 studies · 253 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention changes cardiovascular events: various compared with regular salt (very low certainty).

• Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.22 [0.49, 3.04]
  5 studies · 982 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention showed no clear difference in cardiovascular events: non‐fatal stroke compared with regular salt (moderate certainty).

• Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.9 [0.8, 1.01]
  3 studies · 21250 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention probably leads to lower cardiovascular events: non‐fatal acute coronary syndrome (events per… compared with regular salt (moderate certainty).

• Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  Rate ratio 0.7 [0.52, 0.94]
  1 study · 20995 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention showed no clear difference in cardiovascular mortality (events per 100,000 person‐years) compared with regular salt (moderate certainty).

• Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  Rate ratio 0.77 [0.6, 1]
  3 studies · 23200 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention changes stroke mortality (events per 100,000 person‐years) compared with regular salt (very low certainty).

• Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  Rate ratio 0.64 [0.33, 1.25]
  2 studies · 21423 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Interventions in outside‐school hours childcare settings for promoting physical activity amongst schoolchildren aged 4… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 3036 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Interventions in outside‐school hours childcare settings for promoting physical activity amongst schoolchildren aged 4… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 2236 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Interventions in outside‐school hours childcare settings for promoting physical activity amongst schoolchildren aged 4… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 141 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Interventions in outside‐school hours childcare settings for promoting physical activity amongst schoolchildren aged 4… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 1 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions in outside‐school hours childcare settings for promoting physical activity amongst schoolchildren aged 4… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions in outside‐school hours childcare settings for promoting physical activity amongst schoolchildren aged 4… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

'Summary of findings' table for primary outcomes: Taxation of sugar‐added foods vs no taxation

• Taxation of unprocessed sugar or sugar‐added foods for reducing their consumption and preventing obesity or other… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 40210 participants
  Very low

'Summary of findings' table for primary outcomes: Taxation of sugar‐added foods vs no taxation

• Taxation of unprocessed sugar or sugar‐added foods for reducing their consumption and preventing obesity or other… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 40210 participants
  Very low

'Summary of findings' table for primary outcomes: Taxation of sugar‐added foods vs no taxation

• Taxation of unprocessed sugar or sugar‐added foods for reducing their consumption and preventing obesity or other… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 40210 participants
  Very low

'Summary of findings' table for primary outcomes: Taxation of sugar‐added foods vs no taxation

• Taxation of unprocessed sugar or sugar‐added foods for reducing their consumption and preventing obesity or other… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

'Summary of findings' table for primary outcomes: Taxation of sugar‐added foods vs no taxation

• Taxation of unprocessed sugar or sugar‐added foods for reducing their consumption and preventing obesity or other… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

'Summary of findings' table for primary outcomes: Taxation of sugar‐added foods vs no taxation

• Taxation of unprocessed sugar or sugar‐added foods for reducing their consumption and preventing obesity or other… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

'Summary of findings' table for primary outcomes: Taxation of sugar‐added foods vs no taxation

• Taxation of unprocessed sugar or sugar‐added foods for reducing their consumption and preventing obesity or other… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

'Summary of findings' table for primary outcomes: Taxation of sugar‐added foods vs no taxation

• Taxation of unprocessed sugar or sugar‐added foods for reducing their consumption and preventing obesity or other… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported