Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

927 questions · 1,014 findings · 29 reviews · Oral medicine and oral cancer

No studies found 123 · 12.1%GRADE not reported 604 · 59.6%Very low 193 · 19%Low 58 · 5.7%Moderate 35 · 3.5%High 1 · 0.1%

Any antifungal intervention for the treatment of oral candidiasis vs Placebo, no treatment, or another active antifungal intervention

Relief of pain · Patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy with overt oral candidiasis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Any antifungal intervention for the treatment of oral candidiasis vs Placebo, no treatment, or another active antifungal intervention

Patient quality of life · Patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy with overt oral candidiasis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Light-based detection and/or oral spectroscopy (e.g. ViziLite, VELscope, Microlux DL, Identafi 3000) vs Surgical or punch biopsy with histological assessment

Specificity · Adults (aged 16 years or over) presenting to primary or secondary care with clinically evident suspicious or innocuous oral lesions
1 finding from 1 review

Light-based detection and/or oral spectroscopy (e.g. ViziLite, VELscope, Microlux DL, Identafi 3000) vs Surgical or punch biopsy with histological assessment

Sensitivity · Adults (aged 16 years or over) presenting to primary or secondary care with clinically evident suspicious or innocuous oral lesions
1 finding from 1 review

Oral cryotherapy (ice chips, ice-cold water, ice cubes or crushed ice held in the mouth during cancer treatment) vs no intervention or control intervention (control)

Number of days of treatment with opioid analgesics · All patients with cancer who are receiving treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Oral cryotherapy (ice chips, ice-cold water, ice cubes or crushed ice held in the mouth during cancer treatment) vs no intervention or control intervention (control)

Quality of life · All patients with cancer who are receiving treatment
2 findings from 1 review

Oral cryotherapy (ice chips, ice-cold water, ice cubes or crushed ice held in the mouth during cancer treatment) vs no intervention or control intervention (control)

Adverse events · All patients with cancer who are receiving treatment
2 findings from 1 review

Oral cryotherapy (ice chips, ice-cold water, ice cubes or crushed ice held in the mouth during cancer treatment) vs no intervention or control intervention (control)

Number of days in hospital (duration of hospitalisation) · All patients with cancer who are receiving treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Oral cryotherapy (ice chips, ice-cold water, ice cubes or crushed ice held in the mouth during cancer treatment) vs no intervention or control intervention (control)

Interruptions to cancer treatment (incidence) · All patients with cancer who are receiving treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Oral cryotherapy (ice chips, ice-cold water, ice cubes or crushed ice held in the mouth during cancer treatment) vs no intervention or control intervention (control)

Normalcy of diet (total parenteral nutrition) · All patients with cancer who are receiving treatment

It is very uncertain whether oral cryotherapy (ice chips, ice-cold water, ice cubes or crushed… changes normalcy of diet (days of total parenteral nutrition, TPN) compared with control (no treatment or standard/usual oral care, e.g. saline rinse) (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Oral cryotherapy (ice chips, ice-cold water, ice cubes or crushed ice held in the mouth during cancer treatment) vs no intervention or control intervention (control)

Duration of interruptions to cancer treatment · All patients with cancer who are receiving treatment

It is very uncertain whether oral cryotherapy (ice chips, ice-cold water, ice cubes or crushed… changes duration of interruptions to cancer treatment compared with control (no treatment or standard/usual oral care, e.g. saline rinse) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Periodontitis vs Individuals without periodontal disease (by LOA)

Malignant transformation (oral cancer development) · Adults in case-control studies of oral cancer; people assessed for periodontitis

Periodontitis is associated with roughly a threefold higher odds of oral cancer (pooled OR 2.94, 95% CI 2.13-4.07; low certainty of evidence), though heterogeneity is moderate (I2=52.4%).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher number of lost teeth (per one additional lost tooth) vs One fewer missing tooth

Malignant transformation (oral cancer development) · Adults in case-control studies (oral cancer patients vs healthy controls)

The number of missing teeth (per tooth) was not significantly associated with oral cancer (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.92-1.01); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Missing teeth / tooth loss vs Fewer or no missing teeth

Malignant transformation (oral cancer development) · Adults in case-control studies (oral cancer patients vs healthy controls)

Pooling across all missing-teeth measures, the overall association with oral cancer was not statistically significant (OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.97-1.48; high heterogeneity, I2=82.8%); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Pentoxifylline vs multivitamin and mineral supplement

Severity of oral/mucosal burning pain/sensation · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)
1 finding from 1 review
  • Rajendran 2006 concluded the intervention reduced pain, but pain intensity evaluations were inadequately defined and from interview data, making mean scores difficult to interpret.
    1 study · 29 participants
    GRADE not reported

COE with vital rinsing (toluidine blue/tolonium chloride) vs Conventional oral examination (COE) alone

Detection rate of oral pre-malignant and malignant lesions after referral (COE+vital rinsing vs COE alone) · Oral cavity cancer or potentially malignant disorder symptom-free individuals with tobacco habits

COE with vital rinsing (toluidine blue/tolonium chloride) showed no clear difference in detection rate of oral pre-malignant and malignant lesions after… compared with conventional oral examination (COE) alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin A or retinoids (systemic or topical; incl. 13-cis-retinoic acid, acitretin) vs placebo or no treatment

Malignant transformation (oral cancer development) · People with a diagnosis of oral leukoplakia

It is very uncertain whether vitamin A or retinoids (systemic or topical; incl. 13-cis-retinoic… changes oral cancer development compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical bleomycin vs placebo or no treatment

Clinical resolution (oral lesion not completely resolved) · People with a diagnosis of oral leukoplakia

It is very uncertain whether topical bleomycin changes clinical resolution (oral lesion not completely resolved) compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review