What do systematic reviews say?

Tacrolimus vs mycophenolate mofetil to maintain remission

Tacrolimus may leads to higher number with complete response at one year compared with mycophenolate mofetil to maintain remission (low certainty).

• Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.79 [1.11, 2.9]
  1 study · 60 participants
  Low

Tacrolimus vs mycophenolate mofetil to maintain remission

Tacrolimus showed no clear difference in number with partial response at one year compared with mycophenolate mofetil to maintain remission (low certainty).

• Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 4.68 [0.58, 37.68]
  1 study · 60 participants
  Low

Tacrolimus vs mycophenolate mofetil to maintain remission

Tacrolimus may leads to lower number with treatment failure by one year compared with mycophenolate mofetil to maintain remission (low certainty).

• Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.18 [0.06, 0.54]
  1 study · 60 participants
  Low

Tacrolimus vs mycophenolate mofetil to maintain remission

Tacrolimus may leads to lower number with frequent relapses by one year compared with mycophenolate mofetil to maintain remission (low certainty).

• Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.28 [0.09, 0.92]
  1 study · 60 participants
  Low

Tacrolimus vs mycophenolate mofetil to maintain remission

Tacrolimus showed no clear difference in number with steroid resistance by one year compared with mycophenolate mofetil to maintain remission (low certainty).

• Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.07 [0, 1.23]
  1 study · 60 participants
  Low

IV vs oral cyclophosphamide

IV showed no clear difference in continuing remission at one year compared with oral cyclophosphamide (low certainty).

• Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.75 [0.19, 3.01]
  1 study · 50 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes pyelonephritis (very low certainty).

• Interventions for covert bacteriuria in children 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.72 [0.23, 2.23]
  2 studies · 247 participants
  Very low

Bisphosphonates vs placebo or no treatment

Bisphosphonate showed no clear difference in fracture compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing bone disease in kidney transplant recipients 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.62 [0.38, 1.01]
  13 studies · 765 participants
  Low

Vitamin D vs placebo or no treatment

It is very uncertain whether vitamin D changes death (all causes) compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing bone disease in kidney transplant recipients 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.49 [0.03, 9.22]
  3 studies · 232 participants
  Very low

Vitamin D vs placebo or no treatment

It is very uncertain whether vitamin D changes cardiovascular death compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing bone disease in kidney transplant recipients 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.57 [0.04, 7.57]
  3 studies · 232 participants
  Very low

Vitamin D vs placebo or no treatment

It is very uncertain whether vitamin D changes graft loss compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing bone disease in kidney transplant recipients 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.11 [0.01, 2.01]
  3 studies · 220 participants
  Very low

Bisphosphonates vs placebo or no treatment

Bisphosphonate may leads to lower acute graft rejection compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing bone disease in kidney transplant recipients 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.7 [0.55, 0.89]
  7 studies · 470 participants
  Low

Bisphosphonates vs placebo or no treatment

It is very uncertain whether bisphosphonate changes death (all causes) compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing bone disease in kidney transplant recipients 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.34, 2.8]
  10 studies · 597 participants
  Very low

Bisphosphonates vs placebo or no treatment

It is very uncertain whether bisphosphonate changes cardiovascular death compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing bone disease in kidney transplant recipients 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.58]
  3 studies · 150 participants
  Very low

Bisphosphonates vs placebo or no treatment

It is very uncertain whether bisphosphonate changes spinal deformity compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing bone disease in kidney transplant recipients 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.58 [0.26, 1.31]
  1 study · 72 participants
  Very low

Bisphosphonates vs placebo or no treatment

It is very uncertain whether bisphosphonate changes hypocalcaemia compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing bone disease in kidney transplant recipients 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 5.59 [1, 31.06]
  4 studies · 207 participants
  Very low

Vitamin D vs placebo or no treatment

It is very uncertain whether vitamin D changes fracture compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing bone disease in kidney transplant recipients 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.1, 8.94]
  5 studies · 299 participants
  Very low

Vitamin D vs placebo or no treatment

It is very uncertain whether vitamin D changes acute graft rejection compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing bone disease in kidney transplant recipients 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.52, 1.86]
  5 studies · 385 participants
  Very low

Intermittent oral vs oral calcitriol

Intermittent oral showed no clear difference in fall in PTH compared with daily oral calcitriol (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.88 [0.65, 1.19]
  1 study · 59 participants
  Moderate
• Interventions for bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 83 participants
  Moderate

Intermittent oral vs oral calcitriol

• Interventions for bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 83 participants
  Moderate