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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,062 questions · 1,113 findings · 171 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 161 · 14.5%GRADE not reported 41 · 3.7%Very low 269 · 24.2%Low 321 · 28.8%Moderate 252 · 22.6%High 69 · 6.2%

Are disease‐modifying drugs for a first attack suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS) effective and safe vs placebo?

Disability worsening

It is very uncertain whether are disease‐modifying drugs for a first attack suggestive of… changes disability‐worsening Proportion of participants with… compared with placebo? (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Are disease‐modifying drugs for a first attack suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS) effective and safe vs placebo?

Relapse

It is very uncertain whether are disease‐modifying drugs for a first attack suggestive of… changes relapse Proportion of participants with relapse during 24 months of… compared with placebo? (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Are disease‐modifying drugs for a first attack suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS) effective and safe vs placebo?

Adverse effects: at least one serious adverse event

Are disease‐modifying drugs for a first attack suggestive of… showed no clear difference in occurrence of at least one serious adverse event Proportion of… compared with placebo? (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Are disease‐modifying drugs for a first attack suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS) effective and safe vs placebo?

Discontinuation of medication due to adverse events

It is very uncertain whether are disease‐modifying drugs for a first attack suggestive of… changes withdrawls or drug discontinuation due to adverse events during 24… compared with placebo? (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

(ITS) Multiple safe devices vs regular devices

Needle stick injuries · preventing percutaneous exposure injuries caused by needles in healthcare personnel

It is very uncertain whether (CBA) Multiple safe devices changes needle stick injuries compared with regular devices (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multiple doses of deworming drugs vs placebo

Death (between ages 1 and 6 years) · public health programmes to regularly treat all children aged 16 years or less

Multiple doses of deworming drugs showed no clear difference in mortality (between ages 1 and 6 years) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review