Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

91 questions · 107 findings · 12 reviews · Vascular

No studies found 25 · 23.4%GRADE not reported 4 · 3.7%Very low 13 · 12.1%Low 34 · 31.8%Moderate 24 · 22.4%High 7 · 6.5%

Unfractionated heparin vs low molecular weight heparin

DVT (symptomatic, asymptomatic, non‐fatal) · people undergoing major amputation of the lower extremity

It is very uncertain whether unfractionated heparin changes DVT (symptomatic, asymptomatic, non‐fatal) (5 to 8 days after surgery) compared with low molecular weight heparin (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Direct thrombin inhibitors vs low molecular weight heparin

Major VTE events bilateral ascending venography1 · patients with prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement

Direct thrombin inhibitors showed no clear difference in major VTE events bilateral ascending venography1 compared with low molecular weight heparins (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Direct thrombin inhibitors vs low molecular weight heparin

All‐cause Mortality events · patients with prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement

Direct thrombin inhibitors probably leads to higher all‐cause Mortality events compared with low molecular weight heparins (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Direct thrombin inhibitors vs low molecular weight heparin

Total Bleeding events · patients with prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement

Direct thrombin inhibitors showed no clear difference in total Bleeding events compared with low molecular weight heparins (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Direct thrombin inhibitors vs low molecular weight heparin

ALT >3 times the upper normal limit · patients with prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement

Direct thrombin inhibitors may leads to lower ALT >3 times the upper normal limit compared with low molecular weight heparins (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin vs low molecular weight heparin

VTE‐related mortality4 · people aged ≥ 18 years with a diagnosis of new or recurrent VTE

Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin showed no clear difference in VTE‐related mortality at 3 months compared with low molecular weight heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin vs low molecular weight heparin

Major bleedingd (3 months) · people aged ≥ 18 years with a diagnosis of new or recurrent VTE

Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin showed no clear difference in major bleedingd (3 months) compared with low molecular weight heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin vs low molecular weight heparin

All‐cause mortality (7 days ‐ 3 months) · people aged ≥ 18 years with a diagnosis of new or recurrent VTE

Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (7 days ‐ 3 months) compared with low molecular weight heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin vs low molecular weight heparin

Symptomatic recurrent VTE at 3 months · people aged ≥ 18 years with a diagnosis of new or recurrent VTE

Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin showed no clear difference in symptomatic recurrent VTE at 3 months compared with low molecular weight heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin vs low molecular weight heparin

Symptomatic recurrent DVT at 3 months · people aged ≥ 18 years with a diagnosis of new or recurrent VTE

Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin showed no clear difference in symptomatic recurrent DVT at 3 months compared with low molecular weight heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) · people undergoing surgical procedures and treated with UFH or LMWH for prophylaxis of thrombotic events lasting at least 5 days

The intervention may leads to lower heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Direct thrombin inhibitors vs vitamin K antagonist (VKA)

Major VTE events in TKR combined doses bilateral ascending venography · patients with prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement

Direct thrombin inhibitors showed no clear difference in major VTE events in TKR combined doses bilateral ascending venography compared with vitamin K antagonists (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Direct thrombin inhibitors vs vitamin K antagonist (VKA)

All‐cause Mortality events in TKR combined doses · patients with prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement

Direct thrombin inhibitors showed no clear difference in all‐cause Mortality events in TKR combined doses compared with vitamin K antagonists (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Direct thrombin inhibitors vs vitamin K antagonist (VKA)

Total Bleeding events in TKR combined doses · patients with prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement

Direct thrombin inhibitors showed no clear difference in total Bleeding events in TKR combined doses compared with vitamin K antagonists (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review