Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

328 questions · 328 findings · 22 reviews · Consumers and Communication

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No studies found 126 · 38.4%GRADE not reported 3 · 0.9%Very low 68 · 20.7%Low 92 · 28%Moderate 39 · 11.9%High 0 · 0%

Summary of findings: multimedia education vs no education or usual care

Self‐efficacy Self‐efficacy for medication adherence (higher score indicates greater self‐efficacy, scale not reported) · patients taking prescribed and over‐the‐counter medications or their carers

1 finding from 1 review

Multimedia educational interventions for consumers about prescribed and over‐the‐counter medications 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 343 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Unforeseen adverse effects · General public or any of its constituent groups (excluding groups comprising solely of people with mental ill health)

1 finding from 1 review

Mass media interventions for reducing mental health‐related stigma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 455 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Self‐efficacy for health information seeking 4‐item Likert scale. Scale from: 0 to 10. ( · Adult consumers

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for enhancing consumers' online health literacy 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 448 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Health information evaluation skills Difference in the quality ratings given to web pages. Scale from: ‐9 to 9. ( · Adult consumers

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for enhancing consumers' online health literacy 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 448 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Number of times the patient discussed online information with a health provider Episodes the consumer had discussed online information with a health provider in the previous 3 months. Scale from: 0 to unlimited. ( · Adult consumers

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for enhancing consumers' online health literacy 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 448 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Ability to search for online health information ‐ not measured · Adult consumers

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for enhancing consumers' online health literacy 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Knowledge and understanding of how to find, evaluate and use online health information ‐ not measured · Adult consumers

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for enhancing consumers' online health literacy 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Behavioural outcome: adherence to medication Multimodal/complex interventionsb versus usual care or control · patients with various conditions or at risk of low adherence to medication or laboratory tests

1 finding from 1 review

Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 888 participants
GRADE not reported

Culturally and literacy adapted self‐management programme vs written information on the same topic

Outcome category – outcome(s)* · migrants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in migrants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Culturally and literacy adapted self‐management programme vs written information on the same topic

Health literacy – Time point a: short‐term (immediately post‐intervention)*** (1) Any generic health literacy Multiple outcomes assessed and multiple measures used: Health numeracy (NVS, score · migrants

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in migrants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 209 participants
Moderate

Culturally and literacy adapted self‐management programme vs written information on the same topic

Quality of life – Diabetes‐related quality of life standardised on score 0 (no quality of life) to 100 (perfect quality of life) Time point: short‐term (immediately post‐intervention) · migrants

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in migrants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 288 participants
Very low

Culturally and literacy adapted self‐management programme vs written information on the same topic

Health‐related knowledge – Any health‐related knowledge standardised on score 0 (no knowledge) to 100 (perfect knowledge) Time point: short‐term (up to 1 month post‐intervention) · migrants

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in migrants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 1101 participants
Low

Culturally and literacy adapted self‐management programme vs written information on the same topic

Health outcome – Any depression Time point a: short‐term (immediately post‐intervention) Multiple measures used: PHQ‐9K (score · migrants

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in migrants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 555 participants
Very low

Culturally and literacy adapted self‐management programme vs written information on the same topic

Health behaviour – Multiple outcomes assessed and multiple measures used Time point a: short‐term (immediately post‐intervention) (1) Diabetes self‐care activities SDSCA (score · migrants

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in migrants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 797 participants
Low

Culturally and literacy adapted self‐management programme vs written information on the same topic

Health service use – not measured · migrants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in migrants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Culturally and literacy adapted self‐management programme vs written information on the same topic

Adverse events ‐ not reported · migrants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in migrants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Culturally and literacy adapted audio‐/visual education without personal feedback vs written information on the same topic

Outcome category – outcome(s)* · migrants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in migrants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Culturally and literacy adapted audio‐/visual education without personal feedback vs written information on the same topic

Health literacy – Time point a: short‐term (up to 1 month post‐intervention)*** (1) Diabetes health literacy · migrants

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in migrants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 240 participants
Moderate

Culturally and literacy adapted audio‐/visual education without personal feedback vs written information on the same topic

Quality of life ‐ not measured · migrants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in migrants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Culturally and literacy adapted audio‐/visual education without personal feedback vs written information on the same topic

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in migrants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 987 participants
Low