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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

131 questions · 135 findings · 6 reviews · Temporomandibular disorders and sleep

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No studies found 42 · 31.1%GRADE not reported 76 · 56.3%Very low 17 · 12.6%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Occlusal splint vs Physical therapy (ultrasound, exercise, sensorimotor training, laser, TENS, manual therapy)

Somatisation · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)

Occlusal splint showed no clear difference in somatisation compared with physical therapy (ultrasound, exercise, sensorimotor training,…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Occlusal splint vs Behavioural therapy (counselling, CBT, relaxation, self-care management)

Participant satisfaction or quality of life · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)

Occlusal splint showed no clear difference in participant satisfaction or quality of life compared with behavioural therapy (counselling, CBT, relaxation, self-care…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Occlusal splint vs No treatment or placebo (non-occlusal or transparent-foil placebo splint)

Muscle pain at rest · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)

It is very uncertain whether occlusal splint changes muscle pain at rest compared with no treatment or placebo (non-occlusal or transparent-foil placebo… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Occlusal splint vs Physical therapy (ultrasound, exercise, sensorimotor training, laser, TENS, manual therapy)

Range of mandibular motion · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)

Occlusal splint showed no clear difference in range of mandibular motion compared with physical therapy (ultrasound, exercise, sensorimotor training,…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Glucosamine sulfate (oral) vs ibuprofen

Maximum voluntary jaw opening (mm), change from baseline · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria

Glucosamine sulfate (oral) showed no clear difference in maximum voluntary jaw opening (mm), change from baseline compared with ibuprofen (oral); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate vs corticosteroid injection

Complications (adverse effects) · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria

Intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate showed no clear difference in complications (adverse effects) compared with intra-articular injection of corticosteroids (betamethasone); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate vs corticosteroid injection

Presence of TMJ sounds · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria

Intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate led to lower presence of TMJ sounds compared with intra-articular injection of corticosteroids (betamethasone); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Glucosamine sulfate (oral) vs ibuprofen

Extraoral masticatory muscle tenderness (number of tender sites), change from baseline · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria

Glucosamine sulfate (oral) showed no clear difference in extraoral masticatory muscle tenderness (number of tender sites),… compared with ibuprofen (oral); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Laser therapy

Outcome not reported · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral diclofenac sodium (NSAID) vs splint

Complications (adverse effects) · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria

Diclofenac sodium (oral NSAID) showed no clear difference in complications (adverse effects) compared with occlusal splint therapy; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Glucosamine sulfate (oral) vs ibuprofen

Reported pain (mm on VAS), change from baseline · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria

Glucosamine sulfate (oral) showed no clear difference in reported pain (mm on VAS), change from baseline compared with ibuprofen (oral); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Glucosamine sulfate (oral) vs ibuprofen

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria

Glucosamine sulfate (oral) showed no clear difference in brief Pain Inventory (BPI) - pain intensity, change from baseline compared with ibuprofen (oral); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate vs corticosteroid injection

Pain on palpation of the affected/contralateral TMJ and masticatory muscles · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria

Intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate led to lower pain on palpation of the affected/contralateral TMJ and masticatory… compared with intra-articular injection of corticosteroids (betamethasone); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for managing temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
    14 days to 6 months
    Pain on palpation of the affected and contralateral TMJ and masticatory muscles presented similar frequencies regardless of the time (Analyses 1.4-1.12); no statistically significant differences reported. Point…
    1 study · 40 participants
    GRADE not reported

Intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate vs corticosteroid injection

Extent of mandibular movement (maximum jaw opening, lateral and contralateral movement, jaw protrusion) · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria

Intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate showed no clear difference in extent of mandibular movement (maximum jaw opening, lateral and… compared with intra-articular injection of corticosteroids (betamethasone); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for managing temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
    14 days to 6 months
    None of the mean differences between interventions for the measures of jaw movements (maximum jaw opening, lateral movement to affected side, contralateral movement, jaw protrusion; Analyses 1.16-1.27) showed…
    1 study · 40 participants
    GRADE not reported

Reassurance / behavioral management (control of contributory factors)

Outcome not reported · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Glucosamine sulfate (oral) vs ibuprofen

Pain-free maximum jaw opening (mm), change from baseline · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria

Glucosamine sulfate (oral) showed no clear difference in pain-free maximum jaw opening (mm), change from baseline compared with ibuprofen (oral); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Arthrocentesis

Outcome not reported · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review