Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

107 questions · 114 findings · 12 reviews · Neonatal

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No studies found 18 · 15.8%GRADE not reported 3 · 2.6%Very low 35 · 30.7%Low 32 · 28.1%Moderate 24 · 21.1%High 2 · 1.8%

Early short‐term feeding: hydrolysed formula vs cow's milk formula

Asthma ‐ childhood (incidence) · infants not selected for allergic disease risk.

It is very uncertain whether early short‐term feeding: hydrolysed formula changes asthma ‐ childhood (incidence) compared with cow's milk formula ‐ low‐risk infants (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Infant formulas containing hydrolysed protein for prevention of allergic disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.08 [0.13, 73.26]
1 study · 77 participants
Very low

Early short‐term feeding: hydrolysed formula vs cow's milk formula

Eczema ‐ childhood (incidence) · infants not selected for allergic disease risk.

It is very uncertain whether early short‐term feeding: hydrolysed formula changes eczema ‐ childhood (incidence) compared with cow's milk formula ‐ low‐risk infants (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Infant formulas containing hydrolysed protein for prevention of allergic disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.34 [0.04, 3.15]
1 study · 77 participants
Very low

Early short‐term feeding: hydrolysed formula vs human milk feeding ‐ low‐risk infants

All allergic disease ‐ childhood (incidence) · infants not selected for allergic disease risk.

It is very uncertain whether early short‐term feeding: hydrolysed formula changes all allergic disease ‐ childhood (incidence) compared with human milk feeding ‐ low‐risk infants (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Infant formulas containing hydrolysed protein for prevention of allergic disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.43 [0.38, 5.37]
1 study · 90 participants
Very low

Early short‐term feeding: hydrolysed formula vs human milk feeding ‐ low‐risk infants

Asthma ‐ childhood (incidence) · infants not selected for allergic disease risk.

It is very uncertain whether early short‐term feeding: hydrolysed formula changes asthma ‐ childhood (incidence) compared with human milk feeding ‐ low‐risk infants (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Infant formulas containing hydrolysed protein for prevention of allergic disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.48 [0.05, 4.41]
1 study · 90 participants
Very low

Early short‐term feeding: hydrolysed formula vs human milk feeding ‐ low‐risk infants

Eczema ‐ childhood (incidence) · infants not selected for allergic disease risk.

It is very uncertain whether early short‐term feeding: hydrolysed formula changes eczema ‐ childhood (incidence) compared with human milk feeding ‐ low‐risk infants (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Infant formulas containing hydrolysed protein for prevention of allergic disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.48 [0.05, 4.41]
1 study · 90 participants
Very low

Early short‐term feeding: hydrolysed formula vs human milk feeding ‐ low‐risk infants

Food allergy ‐ childhood (incidence) · infants not selected for allergic disease risk.

It is very uncertain whether early short‐term feeding: hydrolysed formula changes food allergy ‐ childhood (incidence) compared with human milk feeding ‐ low‐risk infants (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Infant formulas containing hydrolysed protein for prevention of allergic disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.43 [0.38, 5.37]
1 study · 90 participants
Very low

Early short‐term feeding: hydrolysed formula vs human milk feeding ‐ low‐risk infants

Cow's milk allergy ‐ infancy (incidence) · infants not selected for allergic disease risk.

It is very uncertain whether early short‐term feeding: hydrolysed formula changes cow's milk allergy ‐ infancy (incidence) compared with human milk feeding ‐ low‐risk infants (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Infant formulas containing hydrolysed protein for prevention of allergic disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.87 [0.52, 1.46]
1 study · 3559 participants
Very low

Early short‐term feeding: hydrolysed formula vs human milk feeding ‐ low‐risk infants

Cow's milk allergy ‐ childhood (incidence) · infants not selected for allergic disease risk.

It is very uncertain whether early short‐term feeding: hydrolysed formula changes cow's milk allergy ‐ childhood (incidence) compared with human milk feeding ‐ low‐risk infants (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Infant formulas containing hydrolysed protein for prevention of allergic disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 7.11 [0.35, 143.84]
1 study · 90 participants
Very low

High protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

Rate of weight gain (g/kg/day) · formula‐fed low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 114 participants
Low

Very high protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

Necrotising enterocolitis · formula‐fed low birth weight infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Very high protein vs high protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

Weight gain · formula‐fed low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 77 participants
Moderate

Very high protein vs high protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

Linear growth (cm/week) · formula‐fed low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 77 participants
Moderate

Very high protein vs high protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

Growth: head circumference (cm/week) · formula‐fed low birth weight infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Very high protein vs high protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

IQ score and Bayley score at 18 months or later · formula‐fed low birth weight infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Very high protein vs high protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

Necrotising enterocolitis · formula‐fed low birth weight infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

High protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

Linear growth (cm/week) · formula‐fed low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 48 participants
Low

High protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

Growth: head circumference (cm/week) · formula‐fed low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 18 participants
Very low

High protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

IQ score and Bayley score at 18 months or later · formula‐fed low birth weight infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

High protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

Necrotising enterocolitis · formula‐fed low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 46 participants
Low

Very high protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

Weight gain · formula‐fed low birth weight infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found