Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

124 questions · 124 findings · 18 reviews

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No studies found 16 · 12.9%GRADE not reported 22 · 17.7%Very low 31 · 25%Low 28 · 22.6%Moderate 12 · 9.7%High 15 · 12.1%

Lithium vs antipsychotics

Clinically significant response on manic symptoms at least 50% Bech‐Rafaelsen improvement · schizophrenia

Lithium showed no clear difference in clinically significant response on manic symptoms at least 50%… compared with antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lithium for schizophrenia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.51 [0.24, 1.09]
1 study · 44 participants
Low

Adjunctive lithium + antipsychotics vs placebo/no adjunctive treatment + antipsychotics

Clinically significant response on manic symptoms at least 50% Bech‐Rafaelsen improvement · schizophrenia

Adjunctive lithium + antipsychotics showed no clear difference in clinically significant response on manic symptoms at least 50%… compared with placebo/no adjunctive treatment + antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lithium for schizophrenia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.13 [0.7, 1.82]
1 study · 45 participants
Low

Lithium as sole treatment vs placebo

Clinically significant response on manic symptoms at least 50% Bech‐Rafaelsen improvement · schizophrenia

Lithium as sole treatment showed no clear difference in clinically significant response on manic symptoms at least 50%… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lithium for schizophrenia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.03 [0.38, 2.81]
1 study · 39 participants
Low

Partial oral treatment vs conventional intravenous treatment of endocarditis on the left side of the heart (on native or prosthetic valves) and bacteraemia

All‐cause mortality during hospital stay and all‐cause mortality at 1 year · people with endocarditis on the left side of the heart (on native or prosthetic valves) with bacteraemia for Streptococcus, Enterococcus…

It is very uncertain whether partial oral treatment changes all‐cause mortality during hospital stay and all‐cause mortality at… compared with conventional intravenous treatment of endocarditis on the left side… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.53 [0.22, 1.31]
1 study · 400 participants
Very low

Partial oral treatment vs conventional intravenous treatment of endocarditis on the left side of the heart (on native or prosthetic valves) and bacteraemia

Cure · people with endocarditis on the left side of the heart (on native or prosthetic valves) with bacteraemia for Streptococcus, Enterococcus…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Partial oral treatment vs conventional intravenous treatment of endocarditis on the left side of the heart (on native or prosthetic valves) and bacteraemia

Adverse events · people with endocarditis on the left side of the heart (on native or prosthetic valves) with bacteraemia for Streptococcus, Enterococcus…

Partial oral treatment showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with conventional intravenous treatment of endocarditis on the left side… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.83 [0.36, 1.87]
1 study · 400 participants
Low

Partial oral treatment vs conventional intravenous treatment of endocarditis on the left side of the heart (on native or prosthetic valves) and bacteraemia

Congestive heart failure · people with endocarditis on the left side of the heart (on native or prosthetic valves) with bacteraemia for Streptococcus, Enterococcus…

It is very uncertain whether partial oral treatment changes congestive heart failure compared with conventional intravenous treatment of endocarditis on the left side… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.33 [0.01, 8.05]
1 study · 400 participants
Very low

Partial oral treatment vs conventional intravenous treatment of endocarditis on the left side of the heart (on native or prosthetic valves) and bacteraemia

Need for cardiac surgical interventions · people with endocarditis on the left side of the heart (on native or prosthetic valves) with bacteraemia for Streptococcus, Enterococcus…

It is very uncertain whether partial oral treatment changes need for cardiac surgicalinterventions compared with conventional intravenous treatment of endocarditis on the left side… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.99 [0.32, 3.02]
1 study · 400 participants
Very low

Partial oral treatment vs conventional intravenous treatment of endocarditis on the left side of the heart (on native or prosthetic valves) and bacteraemia

Septic embolism · people with endocarditis on the left side of the heart (on native or prosthetic valves) with bacteraemia for Streptococcus, Enterococcus…

It is very uncertain whether partial oral treatment changes septic embolism compared with conventional intravenous treatment of endocarditis on the left side… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.99 [0.2, 4.85]
1 study · 400 participants
Very low

Partial oral treatment vs conventional intravenous treatment of endocarditis on the left side of the heart (on native or prosthetic valves) and bacteraemia

Uncontrolled infection · people with endocarditis on the left side of the heart (on native or prosthetic valves) with bacteraemia for Streptococcus, Enterococcus…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Test · 1

1 finding from 1 review

Imaging modalities for the detection of posterior pelvic floor disorders in women with obstructed defaecation syndrome 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Intussusception · 1

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Imaging modalities for the detection of posterior pelvic floor disorders in women with obstructed defaecation syndrome 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Anismus · 1

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Imaging modalities for the detection of posterior pelvic floor disorders in women with obstructed defaecation syndrome 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

EFD · 1

1 finding from 1 review

Imaging modalities for the detection of posterior pelvic floor disorders in women with obstructed defaecation syndrome 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 169 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

PFD · 1

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Imaging modalities for the detection of posterior pelvic floor disorders in women with obstructed defaecation syndrome 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Risk of bias (QUADAS‐2) · 1

1 finding from 1 review

Imaging modalities for the detection of posterior pelvic floor disorders in women with obstructed defaecation syndrome 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 8 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Applicability (QUADAS‐2) · 1

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Imaging modalities for the detection of posterior pelvic floor disorders in women with obstructed defaecation syndrome 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Heterogeneity · 1

1 finding from 1 review

Imaging modalities for the detection of posterior pelvic floor disorders in women with obstructed defaecation syndrome 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High

Intervention not reported

Sensitivity analysis · 1

1 finding from 1 review

Imaging modalities for the detection of posterior pelvic floor disorders in women with obstructed defaecation syndrome 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2010 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Conclusion · 1

1 finding from 1 review

Imaging modalities for the detection of posterior pelvic floor disorders in women with obstructed defaecation syndrome 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low