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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

147 questions · 168 findings · 12 reviews · Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma

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No studies found 42 · 25%GRADE not reported 2 · 1.2%Very low 89 · 53%Low 22 · 13.1%Moderate 8 · 4.8%High 5 · 3%

Summary of findings: 3D (Tai Chi) exercise vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people who experienced one or more falls · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

Summary of findings: 3D (Tai Chi) exercise leads to lower number of people who experienced one or more falls compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: 3D (Tai Chi) exercise vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people sustaining one or more fall‐related fractures · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

CBT interventions (CBT with and without exercise) vs control (standard care or sham treatments)

Falls · older adults (mean age minus 1 standard deviation is more than 60 years)

It is very uncertain whether CBT interventions (CBT with and without exercise) changes occurrence of falls compared with control (standard care or sham treatments) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: multiple categories of exercise vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Falls · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

Summary of findings: multiple categories of exercise probably leads to lower rate of falls (falls per person‐years) compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: multiple categories of exercise vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people who experienced one or more falls · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

Summary of findings: multiple categories of exercise probably leads to lower number of people who experienced one or more falls compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: multiple categories of exercise vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people sustaining one or more fall‐related fractures · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

Summary of findings: multiple categories of exercise showed no clear difference in number of people who experienced one or more fall‐related fractures compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: balance and functional exercises vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people sustaining one or more fall‐related fractures · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

Summary of findings: balance and functional exercises may leads to lower number of people who experienced one or more fall‐related fractures. compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: balance and functional exercises vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Falls · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

Summary of findings: balance and functional exercises leads to lower rate of falls (falls per person‐years) compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: balance and functional exercises vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people who experienced one or more falls · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

Summary of findings: balance and functional exercises leads to lower number of people who experienced one of more falls compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Active exercise regimen vs an immobilisation regimen following surgery

Range of movement · participants undergoing rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the handa

It is very uncertain whether active exercise regimen changes range of movement compared with an immobilisation regimen following surgery (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review