What do systematic reviews say?

Active cycle of breathing techniques plus routine treatment vs routine treatment alone

It is very uncertain whether active cycle of breathing techniques plus routine treatment changes cure rate compared with routine treatment alone (very low certainty).

• Chest physiotherapy for pneumonia in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.6 [0.29, 1.23]
  1 study · 32 participants
  Very low

Wavefront‐optimized procedures vs wavefront‐guided procedures

• Wavefront excimer laser refractive surgery for adults with refractive errors 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 334 participants
  Low

Wavefront‐optimized procedures vs wavefront‐guided procedures

• Wavefront excimer laser refractive surgery for adults with refractive errors 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 472 participants
  Low

Wavefront‐guided LASIK vs wavefront‐guided PRK

• Wavefront excimer laser refractive surgery for adults with refractive errors 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 66 participants
  Very low

Wavefront procedures vs conventional procedures

• Wavefront excimer laser refractive surgery for adults with refractive errors 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 70 participants
  Very low

Any intervention to manage relapse: fixed options (labial braces, lingual braces, fixed lingual wire) or removable options (Hawley's retainer with spring elastomeric module, Bloore removable aligner, other Hawley's retainer modifications, Invisalign, Clearstep) vs no intervention or another intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for managing relapse of the lower front teeth after orthodontic treatment 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No RCTs met the inclusion criteria for this review. After deduplication, the electronic searching identified 527 publications; after reviewing the titles and abstracts, none focused on interventions to correct the…
  0 studies
  No studies found

Active NRT vs placebo ‐ rs1051730 ‐ non‐Hispanic white

Active NRT probably leads to higher abstinence at end of treatment compared with placebo ‐ rs1051730 ‐ non‐Hispanic white (moderate certainty).

• Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: effects by subgroup defined by genetically informed biomarkers 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.63 [1.14, 2.32]
  2 studies · 1391 participants
  Moderate

Active NRT vs placebo ‐ rs16969968 ‐ non‐Hispanic black or African American

Active NRT showed no clear difference in abstinence at end of treatment compared with placebo ‐ rs16969968 ‐ non‐Hispanic black or African American (moderate certainty).

• Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: effects by subgroup defined by genetically informed biomarkers 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.03 [0.36, 2.94]
  2 studies · 709 participants
  Moderate

Active NRT vs placebo ‐ rs16969968 ‐ non‐Hispanic black or African American

Active NRT leads to higher abstinence at end of treatment ‐ homozygous major compared with placebo ‐ rs16969968 ‐ non‐Hispanic black or African American (high certainty).

• Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: effects by subgroup defined by genetically informed biomarkers 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.57 [1.15, 2.15]
  2 studies · 637 participants
  High

Active NRT vs placebo ‐ rs16969968 ‐ non‐Hispanic black or African American

Active NRT probably leads to lower abstinence at end of treatment ‐ heterozygous or homozygous minor compared with placebo ‐ rs16969968 ‐ non‐Hispanic black or African American (moderate certainty).

• Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: effects by subgroup defined by genetically informed biomarkers 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.29 [0.1, 0.86]
  2 studies · 72 participants
  Moderate

Active NRT vs placebo ‐ rs 588765 ‐ non‐Hispanic white

Active NRT probably leads to higher end of treatment compared with placebo ‐ rs 588765 ‐ non‐Hispanic white (moderate certainty).

• Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: effects by subgroup defined by genetically informed biomarkers 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.33 [1.04, 1.71]
  2 studies · 923 participants
  Moderate

Active NRT vs placebo ‐ rs 588765 ‐ non‐Hispanic white

Active NRT showed no clear difference in end of treatment ‐ homozygous major compared with placebo ‐ rs 588765 ‐ non‐Hispanic white (low certainty).

• Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: effects by subgroup defined by genetically informed biomarkers 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.39 [0.89, 2.16]
  2 studies · 296 participants
  Low

Active NRT vs placebo ‐ rs 588765 ‐ non‐Hispanic white

Active NRT showed no clear difference in end of treatment ‐ heterozygous compared with placebo ‐ rs 588765 ‐ non‐Hispanic white (low certainty).

• Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: effects by subgroup defined by genetically informed biomarkers 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.27 [0.89, 1.79]
  2 studies · 469 participants
  Low

Active NRT vs placebo ‐ rs 588765 ‐ non‐Hispanic white

Active NRT showed no clear difference in end of treatment ‐ homozygous minor compared with placebo ‐ rs 588765 ‐ non‐Hispanic white (low certainty).

• Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: effects by subgroup defined by genetically informed biomarkers 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.5 [0.74, 3.06]
  2 studies · 158 participants
  Low

Active NRT vs placebo ‐ rs1051730 ‐ non‐Hispanic white

Active NRT showed no clear difference in abstinence at end of treatment ‐ homozygous major compared with placebo ‐ rs1051730 ‐ non‐Hispanic white (low certainty).

• Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: effects by subgroup defined by genetically informed biomarkers 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.09 [0.85, 1.41]
  2 studies · 582 participants
  Low

Active NRT vs placebo ‐ rs2036527 ‐ non‐Hispanic black or African American

Active NRT showed no clear difference in end of treatment compared with placebo ‐ rs2036527 ‐ non‐Hispanic black or African American (low certainty).

• Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: effects by subgroup defined by genetically informed biomarkers 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.22 [0.77, 1.93]
  2 studies · 708 participants
  Low

Active NRT vs placebo ‐ rs2036527 ‐ non‐Hispanic black or African American

Active NRT showed no clear difference in end of treatment ‐ homozygous major compared with placebo ‐ rs2036527 ‐ non‐Hispanic black or African American (low certainty).

• Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: effects by subgroup defined by genetically informed biomarkers 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.39 [0.43, 13.35]
  2 studies · 425 participants
  Low

Active NRT vs placebo ‐ rs2036527 ‐ non‐Hispanic black or African American

Active NRT showed no clear difference in end of treatment ‐ heterozygous or homozygous minor compared with placebo ‐ rs2036527 ‐ non‐Hispanic black or African American (moderate certainty).

• Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: effects by subgroup defined by genetically informed biomarkers 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.89 [0.55, 1.46]
  2 studies · 283 participants
  Moderate

Active NRT vs placebo ‐ DRD4 (exon 3 48 bp) ‐ non‐Hispanic white

Active NRT showed no clear difference in end of treatment compared with placebo ‐ DRD4 (exon 3 48 bp) ‐ non‐Hispanic white (low certainty).

• Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: effects by subgroup defined by genetically informed biomarkers 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.2 [0.88, 1.63]
  2 studies · 900 participants
  Low

Active NRT vs placebo ‐ rs1051730 ‐ non‐Hispanic white

Active NRT probably leads to higher abstinence at end of treatment ‐ heterozygous compared with placebo ‐ rs1051730 ‐ non‐Hispanic white (moderate certainty).

• Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: effects by subgroup defined by genetically informed biomarkers 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.13 [1.52, 2.97]
  2 studies · 631 participants
  Moderate