Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,280 questions in 114 reviews · Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders
current versionsNo studies 856 · 37.5%Ungraded 58 · 2.5%Very low 550 · 24.1%Low 502 · 22%Moderate 271 · 11.9%High 43 · 1.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Summary of findings ‐ PEP vs HFCWO Exercise tolerance · adults and children with CF Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ PEP vs HFCWO Well being · adults and children with CF Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ PEP vs PDPV Number of respiratory exacerbations · adults and children with CF Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 66 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ PEP vs HFCWO LCI · adults and children with CF Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 15 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings ‐ PEP vs HFCWO Adverse events · adults and children with CF Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 107 participants | High |
Summary of findings ‐ PEP vs BiPAP FEV1 · adults and children with CF Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 52 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ PEP vs BiPAP Number of respiratory exacerbations · adults and children with CF Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ PEP vs BiPAP Direct measures of mucus clearance · adults and children with CF Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ PEP vs BiPAP Exercise tolerance: 6‐minute walk test · adults and children with CF Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 32 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ PEP vs BiPAP Well being · adults and children with CF Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ PEP vs BiPAP LCI · adults and children with CF Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 32 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ PEP vs BiPAP Adverse events · adults and children with CF Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 20 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ PEP vs airway clearance techniques FEV1: change from baseline (% predicted) · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 95 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ PEP vs PDPV Direct measures of mucus clearance: radio‐labelled aerosol clearance · adults and children with CF Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 20 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ PEP vs airway clearance techniques Number of respiratory exacerbations · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 43 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings ‐ PEP vs airway clearance techniques Direct measures of mucus clearance: radioisotope retention · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 31 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ PEP vs airway clearance techniques Exercise tolerance: modified shuttle test · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 45 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ PEP vs airway clearance techniques Well being: Short Form ‐36 · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 45 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ PEP vs airway clearance techniques LCI · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings ‐ PEP vs airway clearance techniques Adverse events · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ PEP vs PDPV Exercise tolerance · adults and children with CF Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 66 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ PEP vs PDPV Well being: QWB scale · adults and children with CF Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 66 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ PEP vs PDPV LCI · adults and children with CF Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ PEP vs PDPV Adverse events · adults and children with CF Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 66 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ PEP vs oscillating PEP FEV1: change from baseline (% predicted) · adults and children with CF Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 217 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings ‐ PEP vs oscillating PEP Number of respiratory exacerbations: requiring either IV antibiotics or hospitalisation · adults and children with CF Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 112 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Pain ( · patients with avascular necrosis in people with sickle cell disease Treatment for avascular necrosis of bone in people with sickle cell disease (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.56, 1.6] | 1 study · 38 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Vaso‐occlusive crisis ( · patients with avascular necrosis in people with sickle cell disease Treatment for avascular necrosis of bone in people with sickle cell disease (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.14 [0.72, 1.8] | 1 study · 38 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Acute chest syndrome ( · patients with avascular necrosis in people with sickle cell disease Treatment for avascular necrosis of bone in people with sickle cell disease (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.06 [0.44, 2.56] | 1 study · 38 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Change in carotid intima‐media thickness (mm) ‐ at 2 years · children with familial hypercholesterolemia Statins for children with familial hypercholesterolemia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 211 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Change in serum LDL cholesterol level (%) ‐ at end of · children with familial hypercholesterolemia Statins for children with familial hypercholesterolemia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 669 participants | High |
Intervention NR Change in measures of growth and maturation: change in puberty proportion with Tanner stage ≧ 1 level ‐ at 2 years · children with familial hypercholesterolemia Statins for children with familial hypercholesterolemia (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.77, 1.18] | 1 study · 211 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Liver dysfunction: proportion with changed aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase levels (> 3x ULN) ‐ at all time points · children with familial hypercholesterolemia Statins for children with familial hypercholesterolemia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 9244 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Myopathy: proportion with changed serum creatine kinase levels (>10x ULN) ‐ at all time points · children with familial hypercholesterolemia Statins for children with familial hypercholesterolemia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 6694 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Change in endothelial function: Change in flow‐mediated dilatation of brachial artery (%) · children with familial hypercholesterolemia Statins for children with familial hypercholesterolemia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 50 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Adverse events ‐ at one year · children with familial hypercholesterolemia Statins for children with familial hypercholesterolemia (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.81, 1.26] | 2 studies · 276 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: oral antioxidants (NAC/GSH) vs placebo Lung function: FEV1 % predicted mean change from baseline · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Antioxidant supplementation for lung disease in cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 125 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: oral vitamin E supplementation vs placebo or no treatment Nutritional status: change from baseline in BMI · children and adults with cystic fibrosis Antioxidant supplementation for lung disease in cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: oral vitamin E supplementation vs placebo or no treatment Pulmonary exacerbations: mean time to next exacerbation · children and adults with cystic fibrosis Antioxidant supplementation for lung disease in cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: oral vitamin E supplementation vs placebo or no treatment Adverse events · children and adults with cystic fibrosis Antioxidant supplementation for lung disease in cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | OR 1 [0.13, 7.94] | 1 study · 38 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: oral β‐carotene vs placebo Lung function: FEV1 % predicted mean change from baseline · children and adults with cystic fibrosis Antioxidant supplementation for lung disease in cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: oral β‐carotene vs placebo Lung function: FEV1 % predicted mean change from baseline · children and adults with cystic fibrosis Antioxidant supplementation for lung disease in cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: oral β‐carotene vs placebo Quality of life · children and adults with cystic fibrosis Antioxidant supplementation for lung disease in cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: oral β‐carotene vs placebo Nutritional status: change from baseline in BMI · children and adults with cystic fibrosis Antioxidant supplementation for lung disease in cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: oral β‐carotene vs placebo Pulmonary exacerbations: mean time to next exacerbation · children and adults with cystic fibrosis Antioxidant supplementation for lung disease in cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: oral β‐carotene vs placebo Adverse events · children and adults with cystic fibrosis Antioxidant supplementation for lung disease in cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: oral antioxidant combination vs control Lung function: FEV1 % predicted mean change from baseline · children with cystic fibrosis Antioxidant supplementation for lung disease in cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: oral antioxidants (NAC/GSH) vs placebo Lung function: FEV1 % predicted mean change from baseline · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Antioxidant supplementation for lung disease in cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 62 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: oral antioxidant combination vs control Lung function: FEV1 % predicted mean change from baseline · children with cystic fibrosis Antioxidant supplementation for lung disease in cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: oral antioxidant combination vs control Quality of life: Quality of Well Being score change from baseline · children with cystic fibrosis Antioxidant supplementation for lung disease in cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |