Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

807 questions · 849 findings · 68 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 236 · 27.8%GRADE not reported 50 · 5.9%Very low 266 · 31.3%Low 168 · 19.8%Moderate 104 · 12.2%High 25 · 2.9%

Antioxidants vs placebo

Left ventricular mass · people with Friedreich ataxia

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological treatments for Friedreich ataxia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 28 participants
Low

Antioxidants vs placebo

Survival (not measured) · people with Friedreich ataxia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological treatments for Friedreich ataxia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Antioxidants vs placebo

Severe adverse events · people with Friedreich ataxia

Antioxidant showed no clear difference in severe adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological treatments for Friedreich ataxia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.07, 15]
2 studies · 72 participants
Low

Antiepileptic drugs vs placebo or usual care

Early seizures (number of seizures) · people with traumatic head injuries

Antiepileptic drugs may leads to lower early seizures Count of events compared with placebo or standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological treatments for preventing epilepsy following traumatic head injury 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.42 [0.23, 0.74]
5 studies · 987 participants
Low

Neuroprotective agent vs placebo

Seizures · people with traumatic head injuries

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological treatments for preventing epilepsy following traumatic head injury 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Anti‐epileptic drugs vs other anti‐epileptic drugs

Early seizures (number of seizures) · people with traumatic head injuries

Anti‐epileptic drugs showed no clear difference in early seizure Counts of events compared with other anti‐epileptic drugs (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological treatments for preventing epilepsy following traumatic head injury 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.66 [0.2, 2.12]
2 studies · 431 participants
Low

Anti‐epileptic drugs vs other anti‐epileptic drugs

Late seizures (number of seizures) · people with traumatic head injuries

Anti‐epileptic drugs showed no clear difference in late seizure Counts of events compared with other anti‐epileptic drugs (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological treatments for preventing epilepsy following traumatic head injury 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.77 [0.46, 1.3]
2 studies · 378 participants
Moderate

Anti‐epileptic drugs vs other anti‐epileptic drugs

All‐cause mortality · people with traumatic head injuries

Anti‐epileptic drugs showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with other anti‐epileptic drugs (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological treatments for preventing epilepsy following traumatic head injury 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.53 [0.3, 94]
2 studies · 431 participants
Moderate

Anti‐epileptic drugs vs other anti‐epileptic drugs

Seizures · people with traumatic head injuries

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological treatments for preventing epilepsy following traumatic head injury 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Antiepileptic drugs vs placebo or usual care

Late seizures (number of seizures) · people with traumatic head injuries

It is very uncertain whether antiepileptic drugs changes late seizures Count of events compared with placebo or standard care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological treatments for preventing epilepsy following traumatic head injury 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.91 [0.57, 1.46]
6 studies · 1029 participants
Very low

Antiepileptic drugs vs placebo or usual care

All‐cause mortality · people with traumatic head injuries

It is very uncertain whether antiepileptic drugs changes all‐cause mortality compared with placebo or standard care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological treatments for preventing epilepsy following traumatic head injury 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.08 [0.79, 1.46]
5 studies · 1065 participants
Very low

Antiepileptic drugs vs placebo or usual care

Seizures · people with traumatic head injuries

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological treatments for preventing epilepsy following traumatic head injury 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Neuroprotective agent vs placebo

Early seizures (number of seizures) · people with traumatic head injuries

Neuroprotective agent showed no clear difference in early seizure Count of events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological treatments for preventing epilepsy following traumatic head injury 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.99 [0.12, 73]
1 study · 499 participants
Low

Neuroprotective agent vs placebo

Late seizures (number of seizures) · people with traumatic head injuries

Neuroprotective agent showed no clear difference in late seizure Count of events compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological treatments for preventing epilepsy following traumatic head injury 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.07 [0.53, 2.17]
1 study · 498 participants
High

Neuroprotective agent vs placebo

All‐cause mortality · people with traumatic head injuries

Neuroprotective agent showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological treatments for preventing epilepsy following traumatic head injury 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.2 [0.8, 1.81]
1 study · 466 participants
High

Gabapentin vs placebo

Participant‐reported pain relief of 50% or greater · patients with pain in Guillain‐Barré syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological treatment for pain in Guillain‐Barré syndrome 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Carbamazepine vs placebo

Rescue analgesic consumption · patients with pain in Guillain‐Barré syndrome

It is very uncertain whether carbamazepine changes rescue analgesic consumption compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological treatment for pain in Guillain‐Barré syndrome 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 24 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Methylprednisolone vs placebo

Participant‐reported pain relief of 50% or greater · patients with pain in Guillain‐Barré syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological treatment for pain in Guillain‐Barré syndrome 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Methylprednisolone vs placebo

Number of participants with pain after 4 weeks · patients with pain in Guillain‐Barré syndrome

Methylprednisolone showed no clear difference in number of participants with pain after 4 weeks compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological treatment for pain in Guillain‐Barré syndrome 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.89 [0.68, 1.16]
1 study · 223 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Methylprednisolone vs placebo

Number of participants with decreased pain after 4 weeks · patients with pain in Guillain‐Barré syndrome

Methylprednisolone showed no clear difference in number of participants with decreased pain after 4 weeks compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological treatment for pain in Guillain‐Barré syndrome 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.95 [0.63, 1.42]
1 study · 223 participants
Low