Exacerbations (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 exacerbations) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Indacaterol leads to lower number of participants experiencing 1 or more exacerbations compared with placebo (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Serious adverse events · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Indacaterol showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Indacaterol showed no clear difference in mortality compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Sexual satisfaction · Men with COPD
1 finding from 1 review
Effect on later sexual function · Men with COPD
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events (all cause) · Men with COPD
Testosterone therapy showed no clear difference in adverse events (all cause) compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Exercise capacity (5‐ or 6‐minute walking distance on cylinder air) · adults with COPD who had exertional dyspnoea but did not fulfil the criteria for long‐term oxygen treatment
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Mortality · adults with COPD who had exertional dyspnoea but did not fulfil the criteria for long‐term oxygen treatment
The intervention showed no clear difference in mortality (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Quality of life (dyspnoea) Measured on the CRQ, the output is a number from 0 to 7, where higher on the scale is better. MID is 0.5. · adults with COPD who had exertional dyspnoea but did not fulfil the criteria for long‐term oxygen treatment
The intervention probably leads to higher quality of life (dyspnoea) Measured on the CRQ, the output is a… (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Dyspnoea · adults with COPD who had exertional dyspnoea but did not fulfil the criteria for long‐term oxygen treatment
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Adverse events · adults with COPD who had exertional dyspnoea but did not fulfil the criteria for long‐term oxygen treatment
The intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Hospitalisations · adults with COPD who had exertional dyspnoea but did not fulfil the criteria for long‐term oxygen treatment
1 finding from 1 review
Treatment failure Need to intensify therapy/ED or hospital admission · exacerbations of COPD
Systemic corticosteroid leads to lower treatment failure Need to intensify therapy/ED or hospital admission compared with placebo (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Mortality after discharge (1‐3 months) · exacerbations of COPD
Treatment route: intravenous corticosteroid showed no clear difference in mortality after discharge (1‐3 months) compared with oral corticosteroid (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Length of hospitalisation (days) · exacerbations of COPD
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse drug effect—hyperglycaemia · exacerbations of COPD
Treatment route: intravenous corticosteroid probably leads to higher adverse drug effect ‐ hyperglycaemia compared with oral corticosteroid (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Arterial blood gas tension: PaO2 after 3 months mmHg · exacerbations of COPD
1 finding from 1 review
Relapse Treatment for AE of COPD or hospital re‐admission · exacerbations of COPD
Systemic corticosteroid showed no clear difference in relapse Treatment for AE of COPD or hospital re‐admission compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
FEV1 · exacerbations of COPD
1 finding from 1 review
Breathlessness ‐ early effect VAS 0‐10. Scale from: 0 to 10. · exacerbations of COPD
1 finding from 1 review