Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,695 questions · 4,979 findings · 433 reviews

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No studies found 998 · 20%GRADE not reported 1,140 · 22.9%Very low 1,024 · 20.6%Low 1,029 · 20.7%Moderate 636 · 12.8%High 152 · 3.1%

Oral NSAIDs vs placebo or no treatment

Pain score more than 30 min after procedure · women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy

1 finding from 1 review

Pain relief for outpatient hysteroscopy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 321 participants
Low

Oral NSAIDs vs placebo or no treatment

Vasovagal reaction · women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy

It is very uncertain whether oral NSAID changes vasovagal reaction compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pain relief for outpatient hysteroscopy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.76 [0.2, 2.94]
1 study · 181 participants
Very low

Oral or transdermal opioids vs placebo

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

Oral or transdermal opioids showed no clear difference in pain intensity Various pain scales. (median compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral or transdermal opioids for osteoarthritis of the knee or hip 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
22 studies · 8275 participants
High

Oral or transdermal opioids vs placebo

Function Various validated function scales. · Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

Oral or transdermal opioids showed no clear difference in function Various validated function scales. (median compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral or transdermal opioids for osteoarthritis of the knee or hip 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
12 studies · 3553 participants
High

Oral or transdermal opioids vs placebo

Adverse events as N of participants with at least one adverse event objective · Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

Oral or transdermal opioids probably leads to higher number of participants experiencing any adverse event (median compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral or transdermal opioids for osteoarthritis of the knee or hip 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.49 [1.35, 1.63]
9 studies · 4898 participants
Moderate

Oral or transdermal opioids vs placebo

Number of patients who withdrew because of adverse events · Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

Oral or transdermal opioids leads to higher number of participants who withdrew because of adverse events (median compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral or transdermal opioids for osteoarthritis of the knee or hip 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.76 [2.93, 4.82]
19 studies · 7712 participants
High

Oral or transdermal opioids vs placebo

Number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events · Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

Oral or transdermal opioids showed no clear difference in number of participants experiencing any serious adverse event (median compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral or transdermal opioids for osteoarthritis of the knee or hip 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.35 [0.83, 13.56]
3 studies · 681 participants
Low

Oral or transdermal opioids vs placebo

Withdrawal symptoms · Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

Oral or transdermal opioids probably leads to higher withdrawal symptoms (median compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral or transdermal opioids for osteoarthritis of the knee or hip 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 2.67 [2.02, 3.77]
3 studies · 1151 participants
Moderate

Brush biopsy (oral cytology) vs No screening

Outcome not reported · Planned population: general population or high-risk / opportunistic screening groups (no eligible study)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Screening programmes for the early detection and prevention of oral cancer 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
There was no evidence to support the use of adjunctive technologies like toluidine blue, brush biopsy or fluorescence imaging as a screening tool to reduce oral cancer mortality; no eligible randomised controlled trial…
0 studies
No studies found

Oral care interventions (nurse-assisted toothbrushing, oral and pharyngeal cavity rinse, decontamination with antibiotics or antiseptics) vs placebo

Presence of related infection: pneumonia · people with stroke

Oral health care intervention showed no clear difference in presence of related infection: pneumonia (Analysis 2.1) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving oral health in people after stroke 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.39 [0.14, 1.09]
2 studies · 242 participants
Low

Oral care interventions (nurse-assisted toothbrushing, oral and pharyngeal cavity rinse, decontamination with antibiotics or antiseptics) vs placebo

Plaque · people with stroke

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving oral health in people after stroke 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Oral care interventions (nurse-assisted toothbrushing, oral and pharyngeal cavity rinse, decontamination with antibiotics or antiseptics) vs placebo

Denture plaque · people with stroke

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving oral health in people after stroke 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Oral contraceptive pill (OCP) vs metformin combined with OCP

Hirsutism ‐ Clinical F‐G score · aAdult women with PCOS

1 finding from 1 review

Metformin versus the combined oral contraceptive pill for hirsutism, acne, and menstrual pattern in polycystic ovary… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 389 participants
Low

Oral contraceptive pill (OCP) vs metformin combined with OCP

Adverse events ‐ Severe · aAdult women with PCOS

Oral contraceptive pill (OCP) may leads to lower adverse events ‐ Severe compared with metformin combined with OCP (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Metformin versus the combined oral contraceptive pill for hirsutism, acne, and menstrual pattern in polycystic ovary… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.2 [0.06, 0.72]
5 studies · 228 participants
Low

Oral contraceptive pill (OCP) vs metformin combined with OCP

Minor adverse events · aAdult women with PCOS

Oral contraceptive pill (OCP) may leads to lower adverse events ‐ Minor compared with metformin combined with OCP (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Metformin versus the combined oral contraceptive pill for hirsutism, acne, and menstrual pattern in polycystic ovary… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.06 [0.01, 0.44]
2 studies · 98 participants
Low

Oral contraceptive pill (OCP) vs metformin combined with OCP

Improved menstrual pattern · aAdult women with PCOS

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Metformin versus the combined oral contraceptive pill for hirsutism, acne, and menstrual pattern in polycystic ovary… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Oral contraceptive pill (OCP) vs metformin combined with OCP

Acne ‐ Clinical acne score · aAdult women with PCOS

1 finding from 1 review

Metformin versus the combined oral contraceptive pill for hirsutism, acne, and menstrual pattern in polycystic ovary… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 82 participants
Low

Oral contraceptive pill (OCP) vs metformin combined with OCP

Body‐mass index (BMI) · aAdult women with PCOS

1 finding from 1 review

Metformin versus the combined oral contraceptive pill for hirsutism, acne, and menstrual pattern in polycystic ovary… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
13 studies · 661 participants
Very low

Oral contraceptive pill (OCP) vs metformin combined with OCP

Hirsutism ‐ Clinical F‐G score · adolescent women with PCOS

1 finding from 1 review

Metformin versus the combined oral contraceptive pill for hirsutism, acne, and menstrual pattern in polycystic ovary… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 32 participants
Very low

Oral contraceptive pill (OCP) vs metformin combined with OCP

Adverse events ‐ Severe · adolescent women with PCOS

It is very uncertain whether oral contraceptive pill (OCP) changes adverse events ‐ Severe compared with metformin combined with OCP (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Metformin versus the combined oral contraceptive pill for hirsutism, acne, and menstrual pattern in polycystic ovary… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1 [0.06, 17.33]
1 study · 36 participants
Very low