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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,886 questions in 74 reviews · Skin
current versionsNo studies 542 · 28.7%Ungraded 130 · 6.9%Very low 326 · 17.3%Low 434 · 23%Moderate 348 · 18.5%High 106 · 5.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Topical ciclosporin 1.5% gel vs Topical clobetasol propionate 0.025% gel Partial response (partial or complete response) · People with erosive oral lichen planus Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.46 [1.04, 2.04] | 1 study · 40 participants | Ungraded |
1% pimecrolimus cream vs Placebo (vehicle cream) Relapse rate when medications stopped · People with erosive oral lichen planus Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites (2012) · Cochrane | In Passeron 2007 (n=12), all participants who improved during treatment relapsed within 1 month of ceasing treatment. | 1 study · 12 participants | Ungraded |
Radix tripterygium hypoglaucum tablet (THT) vs Tripterygium glucosides tablet (TGT) Physician Global Assessment (cure of erosive lesions, remarkably effective) · People with erosive oral lichen planus · Grade II (erosive lesions only) Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.73 [0.42, 1.28] | 1 study · 94 participants | Ungraded |
Any topical or systemic intervention (topical/systemic steroids, ciclosporin, tacrolimus, retinoids, anti-malarials, biologics, phototherapy, surgery) vs Placebo, no treatment, another active intervention, or a different dose of the same intervention Reduction in number of flares · People of any age with erosive lichen planus affecting the oral, anogenital, and/or oesophageal regions Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites (2012) · Cochrane | No studies reported this outcome. | 0 studies | No studies |
Clobetasol propionate ointment 0.05% vs 5% topical mesalazine gel in adhesive base Pain reduction (VAS 0-10) · People with erosive oral lichen planus Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites (2012) · Cochrane | MD -0.83 [-4.12, 2.46] | 1 study · 12 participants | Ungraded |
1% pimecrolimus cream vs Placebo (vehicle cream) Physician Global Assessment (weighted sums of ulceration, erythema, reticulation, mm2) · People with erosive oral lichen planus Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites (2012) · Cochrane | MD -56.57 [-134.02, 20.88] | 1 study · 20 participants | Ungraded |
Topical ciclosporin 1.5% gel vs Topical clobetasol propionate 0.025% gel Side-effects reported · People with erosive oral lichen planus Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites (2012) · Cochrane | Table 3 (Side-effects). Conrotto 2006: ciclosporin - skin rashes (2), parotid swelling (1), and dyspepsia (3); clobetasol - dyspepsia (1). | 1 study · 40 participants | Ungraded |
Any topical or systemic intervention vs Placebo, no treatment, or another intervention Outcome NR · People with erosive oesophageal lichen planus Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites (2012) · Cochrane | None of the studies involved oesophageal disease; hence, no evidence was found for the treatment of oesophageal ELP. | 0 studies | No studies |
Aloe vera gel vs Placebo Physician Global Assessment (Thongprasom score) · People with erosive oral lichen planus Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites (2012) · Cochrane | RR 2.64 [0.11, 61.54] | 1 study · 45 participants | Ungraded |
Aloe vera gel vs Placebo Partial response (>=50% clinical improvement) · People with erosive oral lichen planus Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites (2012) · Cochrane | RR 19.25 [2.83, 130.85] | 1 study · 45 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Any systemic reaction to an insect sting · adults and children with a previous allergic reaction to an insect sting Venom immunotherapy for preventing allergic reactions to insect stings (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.1 [0.03, 0.28] | 7 studies · 206 participants | High |
Intervention NR Large local reaction · adults and children with a previous allergic reaction to an insect sting Venom immunotherapy for preventing allergic reactions to insect stings (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.41 [0.24, 0.69] | 5 studies · 112 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Vespid Quality of Life Questionnaire ‐ end of treatment Scale from 0 to 7, where a higher score indicates less quality of life impairment. · adults and children with a previous allergic reaction to an insect sting Venom immunotherapy for preventing allergic reactions to insect stings (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 112 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Any systemic reaction to treatment · adults and children with a previous allergic reaction to an insect sting Venom immunotherapy for preventing allergic reactions to insect stings (2012) · Cochrane | RR 8.16 [1.53, 43.46] | 6 studies · 285 participants | Moderate |
Aloe vera gel vs Placebo Side-effects reported · People with erosive oral lichen planus Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites (2012) · Cochrane | Table 3 (Side-effects). Choonhakarn 2008: no serious side-effects; 2 participants receiving aloe vera gel reported stinging and mild itching at lesions within the first week, symptoms spontaneously disappeared with… | 1 study · 45 participants | Ungraded |
Betamethasone oral mini-pulse therapy vs Topical triamcinolone acetonide 0.1% paste Physician Global Assessment (clinical severity, 0-12 score) · People with erosive oral lichen planus · 24 weeks Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites (2012) · Cochrane | MD 1.78 [0.17, 3.39] | 1 study · 22 participants | Ungraded |
Fluticasone propionate spray vs Betamethasone sodium phosphate mouthwash Side-effects reported · People with erosive oral lichen planus Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites (2012) · Cochrane | Table 3 (Side-effects). Hegarty 2002: nausea (4), swollen mouth (1), bad taste and smell (6), difficulty in spray application (7), dry mouth (2), sore throat (1), red painful tongue (1), and pseudomembranous… | 1 study · 44 participants | Ungraded |
Radix tripterygium hypoglaucum tablet (THT) vs Tripterygium glucosides tablet (TGT) Partial response (remarkably effective or effective) · People with erosive oral lichen planus · Grade II (erosive lesions only) Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.29 [0.07, 1.27] | 1 study · 94 participants | Ungraded |
Any topical or systemic intervention (topical/systemic steroids, ciclosporin, tacrolimus, retinoids, anti-malarials, biologics, phototherapy, surgery) vs Placebo, no treatment, another active intervention, or a different dose of the same intervention Reduction in severity of flares · People of any age with erosive lichen planus affecting the oral, anogenital, and/or oesophageal regions Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites (2012) · Cochrane | No studies reported this outcome. | 0 studies | No studies |
Clobetasol-17-propionate 0.025% lipid-loaded microspheres vs Conventional 0.025% clobetasol lipophilic ointment in hydrophilic phase Physician Global Assessment (Thongprasom score) · People with erosive oral lichen planus Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites (2012) · Cochrane | MD 0.00 [-0.61, 0.61] | 1 study · 45 participants | Ungraded |
1% pimecrolimus cream vs Placebo (vehicle cream) Pain reduction (VAS) · People with erosive oral lichen planus Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites (2012) · Cochrane | MD -3.30 [-20.22, 13.62] | 2 studies · 32 participants | Ungraded |
Topical ciclosporin 1.5% gel vs Topical clobetasol propionate 0.025% gel Pain (>=50% improvement in symptoms) · People with erosive oral lichen planus Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.47 [0.17, 1.32] | 1 study · 40 participants | Ungraded |
Radix tripterygium hypoglaucum tablet (THT) vs Tripterygium glucosides tablet (TGT) Side-effects reported · People with erosive oral lichen planus Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites (2012) · Cochrane | Table 3 (Side-effects). Lin 2005: TGT - menstrual disturbance (6) and leucopenia (1). Tripterygium glucosides are known to be cytotoxic and unsuitable for individuals of child-bearing age. | 1 study · 94 participants | Ungraded |
Ciclosporin rinse vs Placebo (vehicle) Side-effects reported · People with erosive oral lichen planus Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites (2012) · Cochrane | Table 3 (Side-effects). Eisen 1990: no adverse side-effects; transient burning sensation of mucosal surfaces during swishing of medication reported in all participants. | 1 study · 8 participants | Ungraded |
0.1% triamcinolone acetonide in orabase vs Ciclosporin solution Side-effects reported · People with erosive oral lichen planus Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites (2012) · Cochrane | Table 3 (Side-effects). Yoke 2006: no significant adverse events; transient burning sensation upon initial application with both treatments. | 1 study · 15 participants | Ungraded |
Ciclosporin rinse vs Placebo (vehicle) Physician Global Assessment (severity of disease) · People with erosive oral lichen planus Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites (2012) · Cochrane | MD -1.40 [-1.86, -0.94] | 1 study · 8 participants | Ungraded |
Fluocinonide in adhesive base vs Placebo Partial response (>33% improvement) · People with erosive oral lichen planus Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites (2012) · Cochrane | RR 3.00 [0.62, 14.62] | 1 study · 27 participants | Ungraded |
Clobetasol propionate ointment 0.05% vs 5% topical mesalazine gel in adhesive base Side-effects reported · People with erosive oral lichen planus Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites (2012) · Cochrane | Table 3 (Side-effects). Sardella 1998: no side-effects (there were no reported side-effects with topical mesalazine gel). | 1 study · 12 participants | Ungraded |
Aloe vera gel vs Placebo Pain (>=50% improvement in symptoms) · People with erosive oral lichen planus Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites (2012) · Cochrane | RR 6.16 [2.35, 16.13] | 1 study · 45 participants | Ungraded |
Ciclosporin rinse vs Placebo (vehicle) Pain reduction (participant-reported symptoms) · People with erosive oral lichen planus Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites (2012) · Cochrane | We were unable to extract data on participant-reported symptoms for Eisen 1990 because there was no breakdown of data for the ELP subgroup. | 1 study · 8 participants | Ungraded |
Topical clobetasol propionate 0.025% vs Topical clobetasol propionate 0.05% Partial response (partial or complete response) · People with erosive oral lichen planus Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.18 [0.82, 1.70] | 1 study · 35 participants | Ungraded |
Topical tacrolimus 0.1% ointment vs Topical clobetasol propionate 0.05% ointment Reduction in target/mean lesion size · People with erosive oral lichen planus Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites (2012) · Cochrane | MD 0.00 [-1.09, 1.10] | 1 study · 29 participants | Ungraded |
Fluocinonide in adhesive base vs Placebo Side-effects reported · People with erosive oral lichen planus Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites (2012) · Cochrane | Table 3 (Side-effects). Voute 1993: no side-effects during the study and follow-up period. | 1 study · 27 participants | Ungraded |
Radix tripterygium hypoglaucum tablet (THT) vs Tripterygium glucosides tablet (TGT) Physician Global Assessment (cure of erosive lesions, remarkably effective) · People with erosive oral lichen planus · Grade I (erosive and ulcerative lesions) Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.55 [0.25, 1.20] | 1 study · 94 participants | Ungraded |
Topical clobetasol propionate 0.025% vs Topical clobetasol propionate 0.05% Side-effects reported · People with erosive oral lichen planus Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites (2012) · Cochrane | Table 3 (Side-effects). Carbone 2009: no side-effects. | 1 study · 35 participants | Ungraded |
Clobetasol-17-propionate 0.025% lipid-loaded microspheres vs Conventional 0.025% clobetasol lipophilic ointment in hydrophilic phase Pain reduction (VAS 0-100) · People with erosive oral lichen planus Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites (2012) · Cochrane | MD -18.30 [-28.57, -8.03] | 1 study · 45 participants | Ungraded |