What do systematic reviews say?

Povidone iodine rinse vs usual or supportive care

• Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Povidone iodine versus usual care: single study (67 participants), no evidence of a difference in mortality.
  1 study · 67 participants
  GRADE not reported

Saline rinse plus swab vs Saline-soaked swab

Saline rinse plus swab led to lower duration of mechanical ventilation compared with saline-soaked swab alone (usual care); GRADE not reported.

• Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD -3.91 [-5.85, -1.97]
  1 study · 47 participants
  GRADE not reported

Saline rinse vs usual or supportive care

Saline rinse led to lower incidence of VAP compared with usual care (no rinse); GRADE not reported.

• Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.60 [0.39, 0.91]
  2 studies · 324 participants
  GRADE not reported

Saline rinse vs usual or supportive care

Saline rinse showed no clear difference in mortality compared with usual care (no rinse); GRADE not reported.

• Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 1.10 [0.87, 1.39]
  2 studies · 324 participants
  GRADE not reported

Exercise vs usual care

• Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  10 studies · 2002 participants
  Very low

Multifactorial interventions vs usual care

• Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  10 studies · 3439 participants
  Very low
• Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 44664 participants
  Low

Multifactorial interventions vs usual care

Summary of findings: Multifactorial interventions showed no clear difference in risk of falling Length of compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.92 [0.81, 1.05]
  9 studies · 3153 participants
  Low
• Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.82 [0.62, 1.09]
  3 studies · 39889 participants
  Very low

Multifactorial interventions vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: Multifactorial interventions changes risk of fracture Length of compared with usual care (very low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.79 [0.3, 2.07]
  5 studies · 2160 participants
  Very low
• Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.76 [0.14, 4.1]
  2 studies · 4615 participants
  Very low

Multifactorial interventions vs usual care

• Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 312 participants
  Very low
• Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 39763 participants
  Very low

Exercise vs usual care

Summary of findings: Exercise showed no clear difference in risk of falling Length of compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.88, 1.18]
  10 studies · 2090 participants
  Low

Summary of findings: Bed alarms vs usual care

• Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 28649 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings: Bed alarms vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: Bed alarms changes risk of falling Length of compared with usual care (very low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.93 [0.38, 2.24]
  2 studies · 28649 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings: Bed alarms vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings: Bed alarms vs usual care

• Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 27742 participants
  Very low

Exercise vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: Exercise changes risk of fracture Length of compared with usual care (very low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.88 [0.25, 3.14]
  1 study · 183 participants
  Very low

Exercise vs usual care

• Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 1032 participants
  Very low

Medication review vs usual care

• Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 2409 participants
  Low

Medication review vs usual care

Summary of findings: General medication review showed no clear difference in risk of falling Length of compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.93 [0.8, 1.09]
  6 studies · 5139 participants
  Low

Medication review vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: General medication review changes risk of fracture Length of compared with usual care (very low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.6 [0.28, 9.16]
  1 study · 93 participants
  Very low

Medication review vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: General medication review changes adverse events Length of compared with usual care (very low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.07 [0.23, 5.01]
  1 study · 93 participants
  Very low