Late parenteral nutrition may leads to lower in‐hospital all‐cause mortality compared with early parenteral nutrition (low certainty).
Late parenteral nutrition may leads to lower neonatal mortality (within 28 days of birth) compared with early parenteral nutrition (low certainty).
Late parenteral nutrition showed no clear difference in healthcare‐associated blood stream infection compared with early parenteral nutrition (low certainty).
Late parenteral nutrition may leads to lower healthcare‐associated infection (any type) compared with early parenteral nutrition (low certainty).
Late parenteral nutrition showed no clear difference in mean duration of hospital stay compared with early parenteral nutrition (low certainty).
Late parenteral nutrition showed no clear difference in mean duration of mechanical ventilation compared with early parenteral nutrition (low certainty).
Late parenteral nutrition showed no clear difference in hypoglycaemia compared with early parenteral nutrition (low certainty).
Early treatment showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality during hospital stay compared with expectant management (moderate certainty).
Very early treatment showed no clear difference in chronic lung disease compared with expectant management (low certainty).
Very early treatment showed no clear difference in severe Intraventricular hemorrhage (grades III and IV) compared with expectant management (moderate certainty).
Very early treatment showed no clear difference in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC; stage 2 or greater) compared with expectant management (moderate certainty).
Very early treatment showed no clear difference in neurodevelopmental outcomes (moderate/severe cognitive delay at 18… compared with expectant management (low certainty).
Very early treatment showed no clear difference in neurodevelopmental outcomes (moderate/severe motor delay at 18 to 24… compared with expectant management (low certainty).
Very early treatment showed no clear difference in neurodevelopmental outcomes (moderate/severe language delay at 18 to… compared with expectant management (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether early treatment changes proportion of infants requiring surgical PDA ligation or… compared with expectant management (very low certainty).
Early treatment may leads to higher proportion of infants receiving any pharmacotherapy for a… compared with expectant management (low certainty).
Early treatment showed no clear difference in chronic lung disease compared with expectant management (moderate certainty).
Early treatment showed no clear difference in severe Intraventricular hemorrhage (grades III and IV) compared with expectant management (low certainty).
Early treatment showed no clear difference in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC; stage 2 or greater) compared with expectant management (low certainty).