Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

864 questions · 884 findings · 229 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 136 · 15.4%GRADE not reported 37 · 4.2%Very low 242 · 27.4%Low 298 · 33.7%Moderate 131 · 14.8%High 40 · 4.5%

Atypical antipsychotics vs placebo

Adverse effects (AEs) · participants (any age) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD who have displayed one or more unwanted or challenging behaviours at baseline…

Atypical antipsychotics may leads to higher adverse effects (AEs) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Neurohormones vs placebo

Adverse effects · participants (any age) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD who have displayed one or more unwanted or challenging behaviours at baseline…

It is very uncertain whether neurohormones changes adverse effects compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Brief intervention vs brief advice, information, or assessment only

Harmful alcohol use · people with hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption
2 findings from 1 review

Brief motivational interviewing (BMI) vs assessment‐only to reduce alcohol consumption

25% reduction of drinking days in the past 30 days · concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users

Brief motivational interviewing (BMI) showed no clear difference in 25% reduction of drinking days in the past 30 days compared with assessment‐only to reduce alcohol consumption (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Brief motivational interviewing (BMI) vs assessment‐only to reduce alcohol consumption

50% reduction of drinking days in the past 30 days · concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users

Brief motivational interviewing (BMI) showed no clear difference in 50% reduction of drinking days in the past 30 days compared with assessment‐only to reduce alcohol consumption (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Brief motivational interviewing (BMI) vs assessment‐only to reduce alcohol consumption

or more drinking days' reduction in the past 30 days · concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users

Brief motivational interviewing (BMI) probably leads to higher or more drinking days' reduction in the past 30 days compared with assessment‐only to reduce alcohol consumption (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Brief motivational interviewing (BMI) vs assessment‐only to reduce alcohol consumption

Retention [ · concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users

Brief motivational interviewing (BMI) showed no clear difference in retention ‐ end of treatment compared with assessment‐only to reduce alcohol consumption (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review