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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,325 questions in 216 reviews · Airways
current versionsNo studies 249 · 10.7%Ungraded 107 · 4.6%Very low 276 · 11.9%Low 751 · 32.3%Moderate 718 · 30.9%High 224 · 9.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Long‐acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) add‐on vs long‐acting beta2‐agonists (LABA) add‐on Adverse events (all) · adults with asthma not well controlled on ICS Long‐acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) added to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) versus addition of… (2015) · Cochrane | OR 1.11 [0.92, 1.35] | 3 studies · 1839 participants | Moderate |
Testosterone therapy vs placebo Sexual satisfaction for people with COPD 7‐point Likert scale. Scale from: 0 (best) to 6 (worst). · Men with COPD Interventions for sexual dysfunction in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Low |
Testosterone therapy vs placebo Sexual function International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). Scale from: 0 to 25. · Men with COPD Interventions for sexual dysfunction in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Low |
Testosterone therapy vs placebo Adverse events (all cause) · Men with COPD Interventions for sexual dysfunction in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 [0.07, 15.54] | 1 study · 29 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Exercise capacity (5‐ or 6‐minute walking distance on cylinder air) · adults with COPD who had exertional dyspnoea but did not fulfil the criteria for long‐term oxygen treatment Ambulatory oxygen for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who are not hypoxaemic at rest (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 331 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Mortality · adults with COPD who had exertional dyspnoea but did not fulfil the criteria for long‐term oxygen treatment Ambulatory oxygen for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who are not hypoxaemic at rest (2014) · Cochrane | RR 4.17 [0.48, 36.3] | 2 studies · 179 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Quality of life (dyspnoea) Measured on the CRQ, the output is a number from 0 to 7, where higher on the scale is better. MID is 0.5. · adults with COPD who had exertional dyspnoea but did not fulfil the criteria for long‐term oxygen treatment Ambulatory oxygen for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who are not hypoxaemic at rest (2014) · Cochrane | MD 0.28 [0.1, 0.45] | 4 studies · 341 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Dyspnoea · adults with COPD who had exertional dyspnoea but did not fulfil the criteria for long‐term oxygen treatment Ambulatory oxygen for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who are not hypoxaemic at rest (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 198 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Adverse events · adults with COPD who had exertional dyspnoea but did not fulfil the criteria for long‐term oxygen treatment Ambulatory oxygen for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who are not hypoxaemic at rest (2014) · Cochrane | OR 0.77 [0.21, 2.81] | 2 studies · 83 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Hospitalisations · adults with COPD who had exertional dyspnoea but did not fulfil the criteria for long‐term oxygen treatment Ambulatory oxygen for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who are not hypoxaemic at rest (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Systemic corticosteroid vs placebo Treatment failure Need to intensify therapy/ED or hospital admission · acute exacerbations COPD Systemic corticosteroids for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2014) · Cochrane | OR 0.48 [0.35, 0.67] | 9 studies · 917 participants | High |
Treatment route: intravenous corticosteroid vs oral corticosteroid Mortality after discharge (1‐3 months) · acute exacerbations of COPD Systemic corticosteroids for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2014) · Cochrane | OR 1.4 [0.44, 4.51] | 3 studies · 298 participants | Moderate |
Treatment route: intravenous corticosteroid vs oral corticosteroid Duration of hospitalisation Days · acute exacerbations of COPD Systemic corticosteroids for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 298 participants | Low |
Treatment route: intravenous corticosteroid vs oral corticosteroid Adverse drug effect ‐ hyperglycaemia · acute exacerbations of COPD Systemic corticosteroids for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2014) · Cochrane | OR 4.89 [1.2, 19.94] | 1 study · 40 participants | Moderate |
Treatment route: intravenous corticosteroid vs oral corticosteroid PaO2 mmHg · acute exacerbations of COPD Systemic corticosteroids for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 38 participants | Low |
Systemic corticosteroid vs placebo Relapse Treatment for AE of COPD or hospital re‐admission · acute exacerbations COPD Systemic corticosteroids for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2014) · Cochrane | OR 0.77 [0.51, 1.17] | 5 studies · 596 participants | Moderate |
Systemic corticosteroid vs placebo Improvement in lung function ‐ early effect FEV1 (L) as absolute or change · acute exacerbations COPD Systemic corticosteroids for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 649 participants | High |
Systemic corticosteroid vs placebo Decreased breathlessness ‐ early effect Borg scale or VAS · acute exacerbations COPD Systemic corticosteroids for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 178 participants | Moderate |
Systemic corticosteroid vs placebo Adverse drug effect · acute exacerbations COPD Systemic corticosteroids for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2014) · Cochrane | OR 2.33 [1.59, 3.43] | 8 studies · 736 participants | High |
Systemic corticosteroid vs placebo Hyperglycaemia · acute exacerbations COPD Systemic corticosteroids for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2014) · Cochrane | OR 2.79 [1.86, 4.19] | 6 studies · 804 participants | High |
Treatment route: intravenous corticosteroid vs oral corticosteroid Treatment failure Need to intensify therapy · acute exacerbations of COPD Systemic corticosteroids for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2014) · Cochrane | OR 0.67 [0.34, 1.3] | 3 studies · 298 participants | Moderate |
Treatment route: intravenous corticosteroid vs oral corticosteroid Relapse Hospital readmission for COPD · acute exacerbations of COPD Systemic corticosteroids for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2014) · Cochrane | OR 0.95 [0.5, 1.8] | 3 studies · 298 participants | Moderate |
Treatment route: intravenous corticosteroid vs oral corticosteroid Breathlessness ‐ early effect VAS 0‐10. Scale from: 0 to 10. · acute exacerbations of COPD Systemic corticosteroids for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 75 participants | Low |
Bromhexine vs placebo Frequency and duration of exacerbations · patients with bronchiectasis Mucolytics for bronchiectasis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
RhDNase vs placebo Adverse events · patients with bronchiectasis Mucolytics for bronchiectasis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
RhDNase vs placebo Health‐related quality of life · patients with bronchiectasis Mucolytics for bronchiectasis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
RhDNase vs placebo Symptoms sputum colour Scale used not reported · patients with bronchiectasis Mucolytics for bronchiectasis (2014) · Cochrane | MD 0.28 | 1 study · 40 participants | Low |
RhDNase vs placebo Deaths · patients with bronchiectasis Mucolytics for bronchiectasis (2014) · Cochrane | OR 3.09 [0.32, 29.98] | 1 study · 349 participants | Low |
RhDNase vs placebo Lung function % change FEV1 · patients with bronchiectasis Mucolytics for bronchiectasis (2014) · Cochrane | MD 2.1 | 1 study · 40 participants | Low |
Erdosteine vs no treatment Frequency and duration of exacerbations · patients with bronchiectasis Mucolytics for bronchiectasis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Erdosteine vs no treatment Hospitalisations for infective exacerbations · patients with bronchiectasis Mucolytics for bronchiectasis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Erdosteine vs no treatment Adverse events · patients with bronchiectasis Mucolytics for bronchiectasis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Erdosteine vs no treatment Health‐related quality of life · patients with bronchiectasis Mucolytics for bronchiectasis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Erdosteine vs no treatment Symptoms mucus volume production · patients with bronchiectasis Mucolytics for bronchiectasis (2014) · Cochrane | MD 0.4 | 1 study · 30 participants | Low |
Bromhexine vs placebo Hospitalisations · patients with bronchiectasis Mucolytics for bronchiectasis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Erdosteine vs no treatment Deaths · patients with bronchiectasis Mucolytics for bronchiectasis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Erdosteine vs no treatment Lung function change in FEV1 (L) at day 15 · patients with bronchiectasis Mucolytics for bronchiectasis (2014) · Cochrane | MD 200 [40, 360] | 1 study · 30 participants | Low |
Bromhexine vs placebo Adverse events · patients with bronchiectasis Mucolytics for bronchiectasis (2014) · Cochrane | OR 2.93 [0.12, 73.97] | 1 study · 88 participants | Low |
Bromhexine vs placebo Health‐related quality of life · patients with bronchiectasis Mucolytics for bronchiectasis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Bromhexine vs placebo Symptoms difficulty in expectoration · patients with bronchiectasis Mucolytics for bronchiectasis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 88 participants | Low |
Bromhexine vs placebo Deaths · patients with bronchiectasis Mucolytics for bronchiectasis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Bromhexine vs placebo Lung function FEV1 · patients with bronchiectasis Mucolytics for bronchiectasis (2014) · Cochrane | MD 184 | 1 study · 88 participants | Low |
RhDNase vs placebo Frequency and duration of exacerbations · patients with bronchiectasis Mucolytics for bronchiectasis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
RhDNase vs placebo Hospitalisations for infective exacerbations · patients with bronchiectasis Mucolytics for bronchiectasis (2014) · Cochrane | OR 5.54 [0.25, 123.08] | 1 study · 40 participants | Low |
Inhaled mannitol vs placebo Exacerbations Exacerbation rate per year. · patients with bronchiectasis Inhaled hyperosmolar agents for bronchiectasis (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.78, 1.08] | 1 study · 461 participants | Moderate |
Hypertonic saline vs isotonic saline Adverse events · patients with bronchiectasis Inhaled hyperosmolar agents for bronchiectasis (2014) · Cochrane | OR 8.2 [0.4, 169.9] | 1 study · 40 participants | Ungraded |
Hypertonic saline vs isotonic saline Mortality · patients with bronchiectasis Inhaled hyperosmolar agents for bronchiectasis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 113 participants | Ungraded |
Hypertonic saline vs isotonic saline Symptoms: cough, sputum volume and ease of expectoration, wheeze, dyspnoea · patients with bronchiectasis Inhaled hyperosmolar agents for bronchiectasis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 113 participants | Ungraded |
Hypertonic saline vs isotonic saline Lung function FEV1 (L) · patients with bronchiectasis Inhaled hyperosmolar agents for bronchiectasis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Moderate |
Hypertonic saline vs isotonic saline Health‐related quality of life. Measured on the SGRQ (total score reported) · patients with bronchiectasis Inhaled hyperosmolar agents for bronchiectasis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Moderate |