What do systematic reviews say?

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) vs supplemental oxygen

It is very uncertain whether CPAP changes treatment failure (death or use of additional ventilatory support) compared with supplemental oxygen (very low certainty).

• Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for respiratory distress in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.64 [0.5, 0.82]
  5 studies · 322 participants
  Very low

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) vs supplemental oxygen

It is very uncertain whether CPAP changes use of assisted ventilation compared with supplemental oxygen (very low certainty).

• Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for respiratory distress in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.72 [0.54, 0.96]
  3 studies · 233 participants
  Very low

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) vs supplemental oxygen

CPAP probably leads to lower mortality compared with supplemental oxygen (moderate certainty).

• Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for respiratory distress in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.53 [0.34, 0.83]
  5 studies · 322 participants
  Moderate

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) vs supplemental oxygen

CPAP may leads to higher pneumothorax occurring after allocation compared with supplemental oxygen (low certainty).

• Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for respiratory distress in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.91 [1.38, 6.13]
  4 studies · 270 participants
  Low

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) vs supplemental oxygen

It is very uncertain whether CPAP changes bronchopulmonary dysplasia (oxygen dependency at 28 days) compared with supplemental oxygen (very low certainty).

• Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for respiratory distress in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.04 [0.35, 3.13]
  2 studies · 209 participants
  Very low

Educational intervention vs control

• Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  10 studies · 1128 participants
  Very low

Supportive intervention vs control

• Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 470 participants
  Low

Supportive intervention vs control

• Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 294 participants
  Very low

Behavioural intervention vs control

• Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 578 participants
  High

Behavioural intervention vs control

• Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 525 participants
  Moderate

Behavioural intervention vs control

Behavioural intervention leads to higher 3.3 N deemed adherent (≥ four hours/night) compared with control (high certainty).

• Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.7 [1.2, 2.41]
  6 studies · 549 participants
  High

Behavioural intervention vs control

Behavioural intervention leads to lower 3.4 Withdrawal compared with control (high certainty).

• Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.66 [0.44, 0.98]
  10 studies · 939 participants
  High

Behavioural intervention vs control

• Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 271 participants
  Low

Behavioural intervention vs control

• Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 89 participants
  Very low

Behavioural intervention vs control

• Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 228 participants
  Moderate
• Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 200 participants
  GRADE not reported

Educational intervention vs control

• Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 698 participants
  Very low

Mixed (BEH/EDU/SUP) intervention vs control

• Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  11 studies · 4509 participants
  Very low

Mixed (BEH/EDU/SUP) intervention vs control

• Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 343 participants
  Very low

Mixed (BEH/EDU/SUP) intervention vs control

It is very uncertain whether mixed (BEH/EDU/SUP) intervention changes 4.3 N deemed adherent (≥ four hours/night) compared with control (very low certainty).

• Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.71 [1.08, 2.72]
  9 studies · 4015 participants
  Very low

Mixed (BEH/EDU/SUP) intervention vs control

It is very uncertain whether mixed (BEH/EDU/SUP) intervention changes 4.4 Withdrawal compared with control (very low certainty).

• Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.61 [0.28, 1.3]
  11 studies · 4956 participants
  Very low