What do systematic reviews say?

1000 mg champignon extract vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether 1000 mg champignon extract changes patient-reported visual analogue scale (VAS) score (scale 0 to 100) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  mean 2 weeks
  MD -1.07 [-14.51, 12.37]
  1 study · 40 participants
  Very low

Chlorine dioxide mouthrinse (with tongue scraping) vs Chlorhexidine mouthwash (with tongue scraping)

Chlorine dioxide mouthrinse (with tongue scraping) showed no clear difference in VSC: third component compared with chlorhexidine mouthwash (with tongue scraping); GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  1 week
  MD 22.8 [-33.18, 78.78]
  1 study · 22 participants
  GRADE not reported

Sesame oil vs Chlorhexidine mouthwash

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Asokan 2011 (2-arm trial) compared sesame oil versus chlorhexidine 0.2% mouthwash (OLT and BANA test). We could not include the results in the meta-analysis because they did not report post-intervention OLT score and P…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Scheduled dental recall intervals (1-, 3- or 6-monthly; oral hygiene instruction with or without scale and polish) plus daily supervised toothbrushing by carers vs usual care

Scheduled dental recall intervals (1-, 3- or 6-monthly; oral hygiene… may leads to lower gingival pocketing (long term) compared with usual care (no specific treatment) (low certainty).

• Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Long term (>12 months)
  MD -0.60 [-0.97, -0.23]
  1 study · 304 participants
  Low

0.6% eucalyptus chewing gum vs Placebo chewing gum

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  mean 4 weeks
  Patient-reported OLT score: listed in the Summary of findings table but no data reported. No data were reported for patient-reported OLT score.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Ledermix root canal medicament (day 0 to 10) vs Ultracal root canal medicament (day 7 to 10)

• Interventions for treating traumatised permanent front teeth: avulsed (knocked out) and replanted 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Day 2012 used a formal methodology to identify and report adverse effects, with none identified.
  1 study · 22 participants
  GRADE not reported

Cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwash vs Chlorhexidine + zinc mouthwash

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2 weeks
  Adverse events reported by Borden 2002 were not related to the interventions.
  1 study · 44 participants
  GRADE not reported

Chlorine dioxide mouthrinse (with tongue scraping) vs Chlorhexidine mouthwash (with tongue scraping)

Chlorine dioxide mouthrinse (with tongue scraping) showed no clear difference in VSC: methyl mercaptan compared with chlorhexidine mouthwash (with tongue scraping); GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  1 week
  MD 7.63 [-1.7, 16.96]
  1 study · 22 participants
  GRADE not reported

Sodium bicarbonate toothpaste vs Control toothpaste (without sodium bicarbonate)

Sodium bicarbonate toothpaste showed no clear difference in volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) compared with control toothpaste (without sodium bicarbonate); GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 weeks
  MD 105.8 [-16.2, 227.8]
  1 study · 148 participants
  GRADE not reported

Scaling and root planing (SRP) plus glycine powder air polishing vs Scaling/root planing alone

Scaling and root planing (SRP) plus glycine powder air polishing showed no clear difference in volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter compared with scaling and root planing (SRP) alone; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  30 days
  MD -3.87 [-17.93, 10.19]
  1 study · 60 participants
  GRADE not reported

Essential oil mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

Essential oil mouthwash showed no clear difference in volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter compared with placebo mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2 weeks
  MD -5.13 [-32.94, 22.68]
  1 study · 45 participants
  GRADE not reported
• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Garcia 2014 (2-arm RCT) compared essential oil mouthwash versus placebo mouthwash (VSC by halimeter). We could not include the results in the meta-analysis because of the missing SD and P value.
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

Cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwash led to lower volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter compared with placebo mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2 weeks
  MD -20.04 [-37.71, -2.37]
  1 study · 47 participants
  GRADE not reported

Hinokitiol gel vs Placebo gel

It is very uncertain whether hinokitiol gel changes dentist-reported organoleptic test (OLT) score (scale 0 to 5) compared with placebo gel (very low certainty).

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  mean 4 weeks
  MD -0.27 [-1.26, 0.72]
  1 study · 18 participants
  Very low

1000 mg champignon extract vs placebo

1000 mg champignon extract showed no clear difference in patient's family member-reported VAS score (scale 0 to 100) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2 weeks
  MD -1.74 [-15.52, 12.04]
  1 study · 40 participants
  GRADE not reported

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) following extractions vs penicillin G

It is very uncertain whether hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) following extractions changes incidence of ORN compared with perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (penicillin G) following… (very low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing osteoradionecrosis of the jaws in adults receiving head and neck radiotherapy 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 months
  RR 0.18 [0.43, 0.76]
  1 study · 74 participants
  Very low

Thymosin alpha 1 (10-minute soak prior to replantation) vs Normal saline

It is very uncertain whether thymosin alpha 1 (10-minute soak prior to replantation) changes tooth survival at 12 months compared with control (saline) (very low certainty).

• Interventions for treating traumatised permanent front teeth: avulsed (knocked out) and replanted 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  12 months
  RR 1.46 [1.11, 1.91]
  1 study · 73 participants
  Very low
• Interventions for treating traumatised permanent front teeth: avulsed (knocked out) and replanted 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  48 months
  RR 3.58 [1.86, 6.89]
  1 study · 73 participants
  Very low

1000 mg champignon extract vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  mean 2 weeks
  Adverse events: listed in the Summary of findings table but no data reported. No data were reported for adverse events.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Chlorine dioxide + zinc mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

It is very uncertain whether chlorine dioxide + zinc mouthwash changes dentist-reported organoleptic test (OLT) score (scale 0 to 5) compared with placebo mouthwash (very low certainty).

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  mean 2 weeks
  MD -0.17 [-0.59, 0.25]
  1 study · 41 participants
  Very low

Benzethonium chloride mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

Benzethonium chloride mouthwash showed no clear difference in VSC: methyl mercaptan compared with placebo mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  9 days
  MD 7.2 [-24.92, 39.32]
  1 study · 20 participants
  GRADE not reported

Extra-oral pulp extirpation at day 0 vs Intra-oral pulp extirpation at day 7

• Interventions for treating traumatised permanent front teeth: avulsed (knocked out) and replanted 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Giannetti 2006 did not report this outcome; following email correspondence, authors reported no adverse effects were seen (uncertain whether formally assessed).
  1 study
  GRADE not reported