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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,886 questions in 74 reviews · Skin
current versionsNo studies 542 · 28.7%Ungraded 130 · 6.9%Very low 326 · 17.3%Low 434 · 23%Moderate 348 · 18.5%High 106 · 5.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Flutamide 250 mg b.i.d. vs placebo Participant‐reported improvement of hirsutism 4‐point Likert scale · women with hirsutism Interventions for hirsutism (excluding laser and photoepilation therapy alone) (2015) · Cochrane | RR 17 [1.11, 259.87] | 1 study · 20 participants | Low |
Flutamide 250 mg b.i.d. vs placebo Change in health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) ‐ not measured · women with hirsutism Interventions for hirsutism (excluding laser and photoepilation therapy alone) (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
FAE vs placebo PASI score (scale range from 0 to 72 (higher score indicates more severe psoriasis)) · psoriasis Oral fumaric acid esters for psoriasis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 418 participants | Low |
FAE vs MTX Quality of life (QoL) ‐ not measured · psoriasis Oral fumaric acid esters for psoriasis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
FAE vs MTX Common nuisance AEs (not leading to treatment discontinuation) · psoriasis Oral fumaric acid esters for psoriasis (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.77, 1.03] | 1 study · 54 participants | Very low |
FAE vs MTX PASI 50 · psoriasis Oral fumaric acid esters for psoriasis (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.71 [0.41, 1.22] | 1 study · 51 participants | Very low |
FAE vs MTX PASI 75 · psoriasis Oral fumaric acid esters for psoriasis (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.8 [0.28, 2.29] | 1 study · 51 participants | Very low |
FAE vs MTX PASI 90 · psoriasis Oral fumaric acid esters for psoriasis (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.48 [0.05, 4.98] | 1 study · 51 participants | Very low |
FAE vs placebo AEs leading to treatment discontinuation · psoriasis Oral fumaric acid esters for psoriasis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 27 participants | Very low |
FAE vs placebo Quality of life (QoL) · psoriasis Oral fumaric acid esters for psoriasis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 175 participants | Low |
FAE vs placebo Common nuisance AEs (not leading to treatment discontinuation) · psoriasis Oral fumaric acid esters for psoriasis (2015) · Cochrane | RR 4.72 [2.45, 9.08] | 1 study · 99 participants | Moderate |
FAE vs placebo PASI 50 · psoriasis Oral fumaric acid esters for psoriasis (2015) · Cochrane | RR 4.55 [2.8, 7.4] | 2 studies · 247 participants | Low |
FAE vs placebo PASI 75 · psoriasis Oral fumaric acid esters for psoriasis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 247 participants | Low |
FAE vs placebo PASI 90 ‐ not measured · psoriasis Oral fumaric acid esters for psoriasis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
FAE vs MTX PASI score (scale range from 0 to 72 (higher score indicates more severe psoriasis)) · psoriasis Oral fumaric acid esters for psoriasis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 51 participants | Very low |
FAE vs MTX AEs leading to treatment discontinuation · psoriasis Oral fumaric acid esters for psoriasis (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.19 [0.02, 1.53] | 1 study · 51 participants | Very low |
Cetirizine 10 to 20 mg vs placebo Complete suppression of urticaria Global assessment of symptom scores · patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria H1‐antihistamines for chronic spontaneous urticaria (2014) · Cochrane | RR 2.72 [1.51, 4.91] | 2 studies · 178 participants | Low |
Levocetirizine 5 to 20 mg vs placebo Complete suppression of urticaria: short‐term duration of intervention (levocetirizine 20 mg) Global assessment of symptom scores · patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria H1‐antihistamines for chronic spontaneous urticaria (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 49 participants | Low |
Levocetirizine 5 to 20 mg vs placebo Complete suppression of urticaria: intermediate‐term duration of intervention (levocetirizine 5 mg) Global assessment of symptom scores · patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria H1‐antihistamines for chronic spontaneous urticaria (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Low |
Rupatadine 10 to 20 mg vs placebo Good or excellent response Global assessment of symptom scores · patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria H1‐antihistamines for chronic spontaneous urticaria (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.35 [1.03, 1.77] | 1 study · 245 participants | Low |
Loratadine 10 mg vs placebo Good or excellent response Global assessment of symptom scores · patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria H1‐antihistamines for chronic spontaneous urticaria (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.86 [0.91, 3.79] | 2 studies · 124 participants | Low |
Loratadine 10 mg vs cetirizine 10 mg Complete cessation of urticaria Global assessment of symptom scores · patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria H1‐antihistamines for chronic spontaneous urticaria (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.76, 1.43] | 2 studies · 103 participants | Low |
Loratadine 10 mg vs desloratadine 5 mg Complete suppression of urticaria: intermediate‐term duration of intervention · patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria H1‐antihistamines for chronic spontaneous urticaria (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 [0.78, 1.06] | 2 studies · 369 participants | Low |
Loratadine 10 mg vs desloratadine 5 mg Good or excellent response: intermediate‐term duration of intervention Global assessment of symptom scores · patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria H1‐antihistamines for chronic spontaneous urticaria (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.64, 1.71] | 3 studies · 410 participants | Low |
Loratadine 10 mg vs mizolastine 10 mg Complete cessation of urticaria: intermediate‐term duration of intervention Global assessment of symptom scores · patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria H1‐antihistamines for chronic spontaneous urticaria (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.86 [0.64, 1.16] | 3 studies · 316 participants | Very low |
Loratadine 10 mg vs mizolastine 10 mg Good or excellent response: intermediate‐term duration of intervention Global assessment of symptom scores · patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria H1‐antihistamines for chronic spontaneous urticaria (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.55, 1.42] | 3 studies · 314 participants | Low |
Loratadine 10 mg vs mizolastine 10 mg Adverse events leading to withdrawal: intermediate‐term duration of intervention · patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria H1‐antihistamines for chronic spontaneous urticaria (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.38 [0.04, 3.6] | 2 studies · 267 participants | Low |
Cetirizine 10 to 20 mg vs placebo Adverse events leading to withdrawal · patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria H1‐antihistamines for chronic spontaneous urticaria (2014) · Cochrane | RR 3 [0.68, 13.22] | 3 studies · 389 participants | Low |
Loratadine 10 mg vs mizolastine 10 mg Proportion of participants with at least 50% improvement in QoL: intermediate‐term duration of intervention Symptom score reducing index (SSRI) · patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria H1‐antihistamines for chronic spontaneous urticaria (2014) · Cochrane | RR 3.21 [0.32, 32.33] | 2 studies · 252 participants | Very low |
Loratadine 10 mg vs emedastine 2 mg Complete cessation of urticaria: intermediate‐term duration of intervention Global assessment of symptom scores · patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria H1‐antihistamines for chronic spontaneous urticaria (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.78, 1.39] | 1 study · 161 participants | Moderate |
Loratadine 10 mg vs emedastine 2 mg Good or excellent response: intermediate‐term duration of intervention Global assessment of symptom scores · patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria H1‐antihistamines for chronic spontaneous urticaria (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.09 [0.96, 1.24] | 1 study · 160 participants | Moderate |
Loratadine 10 mg vs emedastine 2 mg Adverse events leading to withdrawal: intermediate‐term duration of intervention · patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria H1‐antihistamines for chronic spontaneous urticaria (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.09 [0.07, 17.14] | 1 study · 161 participants | Moderate |
Loratadine 10 mg vs hydroxyzine 25 mg Complete suppression of urticaria: short‐term duration of intervention Global assessment of symptom scores · patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria H1‐antihistamines for chronic spontaneous urticaria (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.32, 3.1] | 1 study · 12 participants | Low |
Cetirizine 10 mg vs hydroxyzine 25 mg Adverse events leading to withdrawal · patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria H1‐antihistamines for chronic spontaneous urticaria (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.78 [0.25, 2.45] | 2 studies · 261 participants | Low |
Hydroxyzine 25 mg vs placebo Adverse events leading to withdrawal: intermediate‐term duration of intervention · patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria H1‐antihistamines for chronic spontaneous urticaria (2014) · Cochrane | RR 3.64 [0.77, 17.23] | 2 studies · 270 participants | Low |
Desloratadine 5 to 20 mg vs placebo Complete suppression of urticaria: short‐term duration of intervention (desloratadine 5 mg) Global assessment of symptom scores · patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria H1‐antihistamines for chronic spontaneous urticaria (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 46 participants | Low |
Desloratadine 5 to 20 mg vs placebo Complete suppression of urticaria: short‐term duration of intervention (desloratadine 10 mg) Global assessment of symptom scores · patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria H1‐antihistamines for chronic spontaneous urticaria (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 46 participants | Low |
Desloratadine 5 to 20 mg vs placebo Complete suppression of urticaria: short‐term duration of intervention (desloratadine 20 mg) Global assessment of symptom scores · patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria H1‐antihistamines for chronic spontaneous urticaria (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 46 participants | Low |
Desloratadine 5 to 20 mg vs placebo Complete suppression of urticaria: intermediate‐term duration of intervention (desloratadine 5 mg) Global assessment of symptom scores · patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria H1‐antihistamines for chronic spontaneous urticaria (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 80 participants | Low |
Desloratadine 5 to 20 mg vs placebo Adverse effects leading to withdrawal: intermediate‐term duration of 5 mg of intervention · patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria H1‐antihistamines for chronic spontaneous urticaria (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.46 [0.42, 5.1] | 3 studies · 466 participants | Low |
Levocetirizine 5 to 20 mg vs placebo Complete suppression of urticaria: short‐term duration of intervention (levocetirizine 5 mg) Global assessment of symptom scores · patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria H1‐antihistamines for chronic spontaneous urticaria (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 49 participants | Low |
Levocetirizine 5 to 20 mg vs placebo Complete suppression of urticaria: short‐term duration of intervention (levocetirizine 10 mg) Global assessment of symptom scores · patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria H1‐antihistamines for chronic spontaneous urticaria (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 49 participants | Low |
Calcineurin inhibitor vs steroid Total clearance (at 4 weeks or less) Investigator's assessment · people with seborrhoeic dermatitis Topical anti‐inflammatory agents for seborrhoeic dermatitis of the face or scalp (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.08 [0.88, 1.32] | 2 studies · 60 participants | Low |
Steroid vs azole Total clearance (at 4 weeks or less) Investigator's assessment · people with seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp or face Topical anti‐inflammatory agents for seborrhoeic dermatitis of the face or scalp (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.11 [0.94, 1.32] | 8 studies · 464 participants | Moderate |
Strong steroid (class III or IV) vs mild steroid (class I or II) Total clearance (at 4 weeks or less) Investigator's assessment · people with seborrhoeic dermatitis Topical anti‐inflammatory agents for seborrhoeic dermatitis of the face or scalp (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.65, 1.4] | 2 studies · 93 participants | Moderate |
Strong steroid (class III or IV) vs mild steroid (class I or II) Total clearance (more than 4 weeks) Investigator's assessment · people with seborrhoeic dermatitis Topical anti‐inflammatory agents for seborrhoeic dermatitis of the face or scalp (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.79 [0.63, 0.98] | 1 study · 117 participants | Low |
Lithium vs azole Total clearance Investigator's assessment · people with seborrhoeic dermatitis Topical anti‐inflammatory agents for seborrhoeic dermatitis of the face or scalp (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.79 [1.1, 2.9] | 1 study · 288 participants | Low |
Terbinafine 1% cream/gel vs placebo cream/gel Mycological cure Negative KOH microscopy, or culture, or both. Treatment duration 1‐2 weeks · patients with tinea cruris and tinea corporis Topical antifungal treatments for tinea cruris and tinea corporis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 330 participants | Low |
Naftifine 1% cream once or twice daily vs placebo cream once or twice daily Relapse or recurrence Evidence of clinical or mycological infection in previously cured participants · patients with tinea cruris and tinea corporis Topical antifungal treatments for tinea cruris and tinea corporis (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.07 [0, 1.25] | 1 study · 44 participants | Low |
Naftifine 1% cream once or twice daily vs placebo cream once or twice daily Participant‐judged cure Not assessed · patients with tinea cruris and tinea corporis Topical antifungal treatments for tinea cruris and tinea corporis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |