Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,126 questions · 1,225 findings · 111 reviews

No studies found 235 · 19.2%GRADE not reported 260 · 21.2%Very low 207 · 16.9%Low 271 · 22.1%Moderate 177 · 14.4%High 75 · 6.1%

Vitamin K antagonists vs placebo

Major bleeding · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Vitamin K antagonists showed no clear difference in bleeding ‐ major Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs placebo

Clinically relevant non‐major bleeding Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs heparin

Symptomatic VTE · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Vitamin K antagonists showed no clear difference in symptomatic VTE (DVT and PE) Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs heparin

Symptomatic DVT · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Vitamin K antagonists showed no clear difference in symptomatic DVT (proximal or distal) Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs heparin

Symptomatic PE Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Vitamin K antagonists showed no clear difference in symptomatic PE Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs heparin

Major bleeding · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Vitamin K antagonists may leads to higher bleeding ‐ major Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs heparin

Bleeding ‐ clinically indicated non‐major Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs heparin

Minor bleeding · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Vitamin K antagonists showed no clear difference in bleeding ‐ minor Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs placebo

Symptomatic VTE · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Vitamin K antagonists showed no clear difference in symptomatic VTE (DVT and PE) Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs placebo

Symptomatic DVT · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Vitamin K antagonists showed no clear difference in symptomatic DVT (proximal or distal) Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs placebo

Symptomatic PE Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Vitamin K antagonists showed no clear difference in symptomatic PE Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D plus calcium vs placebo

Adverse events: serum calcium above normal · relatively healthy postmenopausal women

Vitamin D plus calcium showed no clear difference in adverse events: serum calcium above normal compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review