Pain intensity measured by a number of different measurements; lower score = better. · pregnant women with back pain
Low‐back pain: any exercises + usual prenatal care showed no clear difference in pain intensity measured by a number of different measurements; lower… compared with usual prenatal care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Disability (Roland‐Morris Disability Questionnaire) Scale from: 0 to 23; 0 is no disability. · pregnant women with back pain
Low‐back pain: any exercises + usual prenatal care showed no clear difference in disability measured by Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire and… compared with usual prenatal care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Condition‐specific quality of life ICIQ Overactive Bladder Symptoms Quality of Life. Scale from: 25 to 160. Better quality of life indicated by lower values. · adults with urinary incontinence
1 finding from 1 review
Incontinence‐specific quality of life · adults with urinary incontinence
1 finding from 1 review
Change in SGRQ total score · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1 finding from 1 review
Change in disability after 4 weeks disability grade change. Scale from: 0 to 10. · people with CIDP
1 finding from 1 review
Change in impairment (NIS) after 4 weeks NIS score points. Scale from: 0 to 280; lower is better · people with CIDP
1 finding from 1 review
Composite Measure of Pain, Function and Disability as · patients with osteoarthritis
2 findings from 1 review
Pain (short‐ and long‐term) Scale from 0 to 100 (lower is better) · patients with osteoarthritis
1 finding from 1 review
Physical function · patients with osteoarthritis
1 finding from 1 review
Pain (short‐ and long‐term) Scale from 0 to 100 mm (lower is better) · patients with osteoarthritis
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Depression, SD units Investigators measured depression using a variety of scales. Lower scores represent improvement · people with dementia
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Health workers' resuscitation practices: inappropriate and potentially harmful practices per resuscitation Direct observation Scale: 0 to 1 (better indicated by lower values) · nurses and midwives
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate
Adverse event ‐ Reduction in plasma cortisol below lower reference limit · Adult patients with active ulcerative colitis
It is very uncertain whether budesonide 10 mg changes adverse event ‐ Reduction in plasma cortisol below lower reference… compared with prednisolone 40 mg (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Condition‐specific anxiety symptoms As assessed by Y‐BOCS3 (scale from 0 to 40, better indicated by a lower score) · children and adolescents with anxiety disorders
It is very uncertain whether DCS and cognitive and behavioural therapies changes condition‐specific anxiety symptoms As assessed by Y‐BOCS3 (scale… compared with placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Co‐morbid depression · children and adolescents with anxiety disorders
It is very uncertain whether DCS and cognitive and behavioural therapies changes co‐morbid symptoms of depression As assessed by CDI5 (scale from 0… compared with placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Condition‐specific anxiety symptoms As assessed by LSAS5 (scale from: 0 to 144, better indicated by a lower score. 55 to 65 points = moderate social anxiety disorder (Liebowitz 1987)) · adults with anxiety disorders
DCS and cognitive and behavioural therapies showed no clear difference in condition‐specific anxiety symptoms As assessed by LSAS5 (scale… compared with placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Co‐morbid depression · adults with anxiety disorders
DCS and cognitive and behavioural therapies showed no clear difference in co‐morbid symptoms of depression As assessed by BDI‐II7 (scale from:… compared with placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Anxiety · adults with anxiety disorders
DCS and cognitive and behavioural therapies showed no clear difference in co‐morbid anxiety symptoms As assessed by BAI9 (scale from: 0 to 63,… compared with placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life Assessed by LIS (scale from: 0 to 48, better indicated by a lower score) · adults with anxiety disorders
It is very uncertain whether DCS and cognitive and behavioural therapies changes quality of life Assessed by LIS (scale from: 0 to 48, better… compared with placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review