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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,653 questions in 194 reviews · Gynaecology and Fertility
current versionsNo studies 531 · 20%Ungraded 76 · 2.9%Very low 826 · 31.1%Low 855 · 32.2%Moderate 341 · 12.9%High 24 · 0.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Myo‐inositol vs an insulin‐sensitising agent (metformin) Clinical pregnancy · subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome Inositol for subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.91 [0.81, 4.49] | 1 study · 120 participants | Very low |
Myo‐inositol vs an insulin‐sensitising agent (metformin) Ovulation · subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome Inositol for subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.86 [0.89, 3.87] | 1 study · 120 participants | Very low |
Myo‐inositol vs placebo, no/standard treatment Adverse event ‐ miscarriage · subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome Inositol for subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.4 [0.19, 0.86] | 4 studies · 535 participants | Very low |
Myo‐inositol vs an ovulation induction agent (clomiphene) Live birth · subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome Inositol for subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.27 [0.48, 3.4] | 1 study · 75 participants | Very low |
Myo‐inositol vs an ovulation induction agent (clomiphene) Adverse event ‐ miscarriage · subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome Inositol for subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Myo‐inositol vs an ovulation induction agent (clomiphene) Adverse event ‐ multiple pregnancy · subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome Inositol for subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.21 [0.01, 4.43] | 1 study · 75 participants | Very low |
Myo‐inositol vs an ovulation induction agent (clomiphene) Clinical pregnancy · subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome Inositol for subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Myo‐inositol vs an ovulation induction agent (clomiphene) Ovulation rate · subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome Inositol for subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.59 [0.2, 1.68] | 1 study · 75 participants | Very low |
Myo‐inositol vs placebo, no/standard treatment Adverse event ‐ multiple pregnancy · subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome Inositol for subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.04 [0.63, 1.71] | 2 studies · 425 participants | Low |
Myo‐inositol vs placebo, no/standard treatment Clinical pregnancy · subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome Inositol for subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.27 [0.87, 1.85] | 4 studies · 535 participants | Very low |
Myo‐inositol vs placebo, no/standard treatment Ovulation · subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome Inositol for subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Myo‐inositol vs antioxidant (melatonin) Live birth · subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome Inositol for subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Myo‐inositol vs antioxidant (melatonin) Adverse event ‐ miscarriage · subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome Inositol for subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.7 [0.22, 2.24] | 1 study · 358 participants | Very low |
Myo‐inositol vs antioxidant (melatonin) Adverse event ‐ multiple pregnancy · subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome Inositol for subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.95 [0.57, 1.59] | 1 study · 358 participants | Very low |
Myo‐inositol vs antioxidant (melatonin) Clinical pregnancy · subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome Inositol for subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.83 [0.53, 1.28] | 1 study · 358 participants | Very low |
Transanal repair vs transvaginal repair Outcomes ( · women with posterior vaginal wall prolapse Surgery for women with posterior compartment prolapse (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Biological graft vs native tissue repair Awareness of prolapse (subjective failure) (16‐24 months) · women with posterior vaginal wall prolapse Surgery for women with posterior compartment prolapse (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.09 [0.45, 2.62] | 2 studies · 181 participants | Moderate |
Biological graft vs native tissue repair Repeat surgery for any prolapse (24 months) · women with posterior vaginal wall prolapse Surgery for women with posterior compartment prolapse (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.6 [0.18, 1.97] | 2 studies · 271 participants | Low |
Biological graft vs native tissue repair Recurrent posterior vaginal wall prolapse (objective failure) (16‐24 months) · women with posterior vaginal wall prolapse Surgery for women with posterior compartment prolapse (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.55 [0.3, 1.01] | 3 studies · 377 participants | Low |
Biological graft vs native tissue repair Postoperative obstructed defecation (16‐24 months) · women with posterior vaginal wall prolapse Surgery for women with posterior compartment prolapse (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.5, 1.86] | 2 studies · 172 participants | Moderate |
Biological graft vs native tissue repair Postoperative dyspareunia (16‐24 months) · women with posterior vaginal wall prolapse Surgery for women with posterior compartment prolapse (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.26 [0.59, 2.68] | 2 studies · 152 participants | Low |
Biological graft vs native tissue repair Postoperative complications (including wound infection) (16‐24 months) · women with posterior vaginal wall prolapse Surgery for women with posterior compartment prolapse (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.82 [1.22, 2.72] | 3 studies · 448 participants | Moderate |
Biological graft vs native tissue repair Operating time (24 months) · women with posterior vaginal wall prolapse Surgery for women with posterior compartment prolapse (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 68 participants | Low |
Transanal repair vs transvaginal repair Awareness of prolapse (subjective failure) (12‐25 months) · women with posterior vaginal wall prolapse Surgery for women with posterior compartment prolapse (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.78 [1, 7.7] | 2 studies · 87 participants | Low |
Transanal repair vs transvaginal repair Repeat surgery for any prolapse (25 months) · women with posterior vaginal wall prolapse Surgery for women with posterior compartment prolapse (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.42 [0.75, 7.88] | 1 study · 57 participants | Low |
Transanal repair vs transvaginal repair Recurrent posterior vaginal wall prolapse (objective failure) (12‐25 months) · women with posterior vaginal wall prolapse Surgery for women with posterior compartment prolapse (2018) · Cochrane | RR 4.12 [1.56, 10.88] | 2 studies · 87 participants | Moderate |
Transanal repair vs transvaginal repair Postoperative obstructed defecation (6‐25 months) · women with posterior vaginal wall prolapse Surgery for women with posterior compartment prolapse (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.67 [1, 2.79] | 3 studies · 113 participants | Low |
Transanal repair vs transvaginal repair Postoperative dyspareunia (12‐25 months) · women with posterior vaginal wall prolapse Surgery for women with posterior compartment prolapse (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.32 [0.09, 1.15] | 2 studies · 80 participants | Low |
Transanal repair vs transvaginal repair Postoperative complications (6‐25 months) · women with posterior vaginal wall prolapse Surgery for women with posterior compartment prolapse (2018) · Cochrane | RR 3.57 [0.94, 13.54] | 3 studies · 135 participants | Low |
Transanal repair vs transvaginal repair Operating time (12‐50 months) · women with posterior vaginal wall prolapse Surgery for women with posterior compartment prolapse (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 137 participants | Very low |
Biological graft vs native tissue repair Outcomes ( · women with posterior vaginal wall prolapse Surgery for women with posterior compartment prolapse (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pelvic floor muscle training before and after prolapse surgery vs no training Objective failure at any site: at 12 to 24 months · women undergoing pelvic organ prolapse surgery Perioperative interventions in pelvic organ prolapse surgery (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.93 [0.56, 1.54] | 2 studies · 327 participants | Moderate |
Pelvic floor muscle training before and after prolapse surgery vs no training Subjective awareness of prolapse: Pelvic organ prolapse Symptom score (POP‐SS) at 12 months · women undergoing pelvic organ prolapse surgery Perioperative interventions in pelvic organ prolapse surgery (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 48 participants | Low |
Pelvic floor muscle training before and after prolapse surgery vs no training Subjective awareness of prolapse: feeling of bulge at 24 months · women undergoing pelvic organ prolapse surgery Perioperative interventions in pelvic organ prolapse surgery (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.07 [0.61, 1.87] | 1 study · 305 participants | Low |
Pelvic floor muscle training before and after prolapse surgery vs no training Intraoperative blood loss · women undergoing pelvic organ prolapse surgery Perioperative interventions in pelvic organ prolapse surgery (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pelvic floor muscle training before and after prolapse surgery vs no training Intraoperative ureteral injury · women undergoing pelvic organ prolapse surgery Perioperative interventions in pelvic organ prolapse surgery (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pelvic floor muscle training before and after prolapse surgery vs no training Postoperative urinary tract infection · women undergoing pelvic organ prolapse surgery Perioperative interventions in pelvic organ prolapse surgery (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pelvic floor muscle training before and after prolapse surgery vs no training Repeat surgery (or pessary) for recurrent prolapse · women undergoing pelvic organ prolapse surgery Perioperative interventions in pelvic organ prolapse surgery (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.92 [0.74, 5.02] | 1 study · 316 participants | Low |
POP surgery with concomitant continence procedure vs no concomitant continence procedure Vaginal POP surgery with vs without MUS · women with POP and SUI Surgery for women with pelvic organ prolapse with or without stress urinary incontinence (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.3 [0.19, 0.48] | 2 studies · 319 participants | Moderate |
POP surgery with concomitant continence procedure vs no concomitant continence procedure Vaginal POP surgery with vs without MUS · women with POP and SUI Surgery for women with pelvic organ prolapse with or without stress urinary incontinence (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.04 [0, 0.74] | 1 study · 134 participants | Moderate |
POP surgery with concomitant continence procedure vs no concomitant continence procedure Vaginal POP surgery with concomitant vs delayed continence surgery: additional concomitant MUS vs delayed MUS · women with POP and SUI Surgery for women with pelvic organ prolapse with or without stress urinary incontinence (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.41 [0.12, 1.37] | 1 study · 140 participants | Moderate |
POP surgery with concomitant continence procedure vs no concomitant continence procedure Abdominal POP surgery with vs without concomitant continence surgery: additional Burch colposuspension vs sacrocolpopexy alone: 1‐year FU · women with POP and SUI Surgery for women with pelvic organ prolapse with or without stress urinary incontinence (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.38 [0.74, 2.6] | 1 study · 47 participants | Moderate |
Vaginal POP surgery with concomitant continence procedure vs no concomitant continence procedure Vaginal POP surgery with or without concomitant continence surgery: additional MUS vs vaginal repair alone · women with POP and occult SUI Surgery for women with pelvic organ prolapse with or without stress urinary incontinence (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.38 [0.26, 0.55] | 5 studies · 369 participants | Moderate |
Vaginal or abdominal POP surgery with concomitant continence procedure vs no concomitant continence procedure Vaginal POP surgery with or without concomitant continence surgery: additional MUS vs vaginal repair alone · continent women with POP Surgery for women with pelvic organ prolapse with or without stress urinary incontinence (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.69 [0.47, 1] | 1 study · 220 participants | Moderate |
Vaginal or abdominal POP surgery with concomitant continence procedure vs no concomitant continence procedure Abdominal POP surgery with or without concomitant continence surgery: additional Burch colposuspension vs sacrocolpopexy alone · continent women with POP Surgery for women with pelvic organ prolapse with or without stress urinary incontinence (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.31 [0.19, 9.01] | 2 studies · 379 participants | Low |
Vaginal POP surgery with armed mesh vs anterior native tissue repair One type of POP surgery vs another: armed anterior mesh vs anterior native tissue repair · continent women with POP Surgery for women with pelvic organ prolapse with or without stress urinary incontinence (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.58 [1.05, 2.37] | 7 studies · 905 participants | Low |
GnRHa treatment vs placebo or no pretreatment (preoperative outcomes) Uterine volume (mL) (preoperative) · women with uterine fibroids Preoperative medical therapy before surgery for uterine fibroids (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 13 studies · 858 participants | Low |
GnRHa treatment vs no pretreatment or placebo before myomectomy (operative and postoperative outcomes Duration of surgery (minutes) · women with uterine fibroids Preoperative medical therapy before surgery for uterine fibroids (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 443 participants | Very low |
GnRHa treatment vs no pretreatment or placebo before myomectomy (operative and postoperative outcomes Intraoperative blood loss (mL) · women with uterine fibroids Preoperative medical therapy before surgery for uterine fibroids (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 549 participants | Very low |
GnRHa treatment vs no pretreatment or placebo before myomectomy (operative and postoperative outcomes Blood transfusions · women with uterine fibroids Preoperative medical therapy before surgery for uterine fibroids (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.85 [0.26, 2.75] | 4 studies · 121 participants | Low |