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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,645 questions in 107 reviews · Wounds
current versionsNo studies 651 · 39.6%Ungraded 84 · 5.1%Very low 554 · 33.7%Low 283 · 17.2%Moderate 64 · 3.9%High 9 · 0.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR One day of piperacillin, cefazolin, cefmetazole, or cefotiam versus three days of piperacillin, cefazolin, cefmetazole, or cefotiam (elective colorectal surgery) · surgical patients Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) related… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.06 [0.52, 2.15] | 1 study · 521 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR One dose of cefotiam or cefmetazol versus four doses of cefotiam or cefmetazol (elective surgery for colon cancer) · surgical patients Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) related… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.79 [0.3, 2.07] | 1 study · 275 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Pefloxacin versus cefazolin and oxacillin (tibial fracture requiring external fixation) · surgical patients Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) related… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.74 [0.43, 1.28] | 1 study · 616 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Vancomycin and cefazolin versus cefazolin (open fractures) · surgical patients Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) related… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.27, 3.76] | 1 study · 92 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Vancomycin and cefazolin versus cefazolin (vascular surgery) ‐ suggest add for all comparisons · surgical patients Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) related… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.38, 2.5] | 1 study · 118 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Vancomycin and cefazolin versus daptomycin and cefazolin (vascular surgery) · surgical patients Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) related… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 3.19 [0.69, 14.65] | 1 study · 107 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Vancomycin versus teicoplanin (paediatric cardiac surgery) · surgical patients Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) related… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 22 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Vancomycin versus cefuroxime (coronary artery bypass graft without valvular disease) · surgical patients Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) related… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.08 [0.53, 2.21] | 1 study · 884 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Kanamycin, erythromycin and cefotiam versus cefotiam (surgery for colorectal diseases) · surgical patients Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) related… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 143 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Cefamendole versus cefamendole and gentamycin (median sternotomy) · surgical patients Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) related… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 522 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Cefazolin and gentamycin versus cefamendole and gentamycin (median sternotomy) · surgical patients Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) related… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 516 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Cefazolin versus cefamendole (median sternotomy) · surgical patients Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) related… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 3.05 [0.12, 74.45] | 1 study · 514 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Cefazolin versus cefazolin and gentamycin (median sternotomy) · surgical patients Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) related… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 2.98 [0.12, 72.72] | 1 study · 508 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Co‐amoxiclav or cefotaxime versus placebo (percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy) · surgical patients Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) related… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.05 [0, 0.83] | 1 study · 99 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Daptomycin and cefazolin versus cefazolin (vascular surgery) · surgical patients Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) related… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.24 [0.01, 4.94] | 1 study · 113 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Ertapenem versus cefotetan (elective colorectal surgery) · surgical patients Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) related… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.59 [0.14, 2.46] | 1 study · 672 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Kanamycin, erythromycin and cefotiam versus cefotiam (surgery for colorectal diseases) · surgical patients Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) related… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.97 [0.37, 10.43] | 1 study · 143 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Levofloxacin versus ofloxacin (breast cancer) · surgical patients Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) related… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 181 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR One day of piperacillin, cefazolin, cefmetazole, or cefotiam versus three days of piperacillin, cefazolin, cefmetazole, or cefotiam (elective colorectal surgery) · surgical patients Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) related… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 521 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Co‐amoxiclav or cefotaxime versus placebo (percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy) · surgical patients Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) related… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.54 [0.17, 1.72] | 1 study · 99 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR One dose of cefotiam or cefmetazol versus four doses of cefotiam or cefmetazol (elective surgery for colon cancer) · surgical patients Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) related… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [0.21, 4.98] | 1 study · 275 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Pefloxacin versus cefazolin and oxacillin (tibial fracture requiring external fixation) · surgical patients Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) related… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 3.8 [0.43, 33.78] | 1 study · 616 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Vancomycin and cefazolin versus cefazolin (open fractures) · surgical patients Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) related… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 3 [0.13, 71.78] | 1 study · 92 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Vancomycin and cefazolin versus cefazolin (vascular surgery) · surgical patients Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) related… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 2.21 [0.42, 11.63] | 1 study · 118 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Vancomycin and cefazolin versus daptomycin and cefazolin (vascular surgery) · surgical patients Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) related… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 8.21 [0.45, 148.84] | 1 study · 107 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Vancomycin versus teicoplanin (paediatric cardiac surgery) · surgical patients Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) related… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 22 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Vancomycin versus cefuroxime (coronary artery bypass graft without valvular disease) · surgical patients Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) related… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.14, 7.13] | 1 study · 884 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR One dose of cefotiam or cefmetazol versus four doses of cefotiam or cefmetazol (elective surgery for colon cancer) · surgical patients Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) related… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.77 [0.17, 3.36] | 1 study · 275 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Kanamycin, erythromycin and cefotiam versus cefotiam (surgery for colorectal diseases) · surgical patients Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) related… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.97 [0.62, 6.26] | 1 study · 143 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Vancomycin versus cefuroxime (coronary artery bypass graft without valvular disease) · surgical patients Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) related… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 2.02 [0.18, 22.18] | 1 study · 884 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Cefamendole versus cefamendole and gentamycin (median sternotomy) · surgical patients Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) related… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 5.08 [0.24, 105.24] | 1 study · 522 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Cefazolin versus cefamendole (median sternotomy) · surgical patients Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) related… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 3.55 [0.75, 16.95] | 1 study · 514 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Cefazolin versus cefazolin and gentamycin (median sternotomy) · surgical patients Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) related… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.87 [0.32, 2.36] | 1 study · 508 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Co‐amoxiclav or cefotaxime versus placebo (percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy) · surgical patients Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) related… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.26 [0.11, 0.65] | 1 study · 99 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Daptomycin and cefazolin versus cefazolin (vascular surgery) · surgical patients Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) related… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.3 [0.07, 1.37] | 1 study · 113 participants | Very low |
Peritoneal closure vs no peritoneal closure Mortality · patients having non‐obstetric abdominal operations Peritoneal closure versus no peritoneal closure for patients undergoing non‐obstetric abdominal operations (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.11 [0.56, 2.19] | 1 study · 152 participants | Very low |
Peritoneal closure vs no peritoneal closure Deep wound dehiscence · patients having non‐obstetric abdominal operations Peritoneal closure versus no peritoneal closure for patients undergoing non‐obstetric abdominal operations (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.71 [0.22, 2.35] | 3 studies · 663 participants | Very low |
Peritoneal closure vs no peritoneal closure Incisional hernia · patients having non‐obstetric abdominal operations Peritoneal closure versus no peritoneal closure for patients undergoing non‐obstetric abdominal operations (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.37, 2.28] | 3 studies · 663 participants | Very low |
Peritoneal closure vs no peritoneal closure Length of hospital stay · patients having non‐obstetric abdominal operations Peritoneal closure versus no peritoneal closure for patients undergoing non‐obstetric abdominal operations (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 79 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Daptomycin versus vancomycin or semisynthetic penicillin · patients with MRSA‐infected non surgical wounds Antibiotic therapy for the treatment of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in non surgical… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.13 [0.56, 2.25] | 1 study · 14 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Ertapenem versus piperacillin/tazobactam · patients with MRSA‐infected non surgical wounds Antibiotic therapy for the treatment of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in non surgical… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.71 [0.06, 9.1] | 1 study · 10 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Moxifloxacin versus piperacillin/tazobactam followed by amoxycillin/clavulanate · patients with MRSA‐infected non surgical wounds Antibiotic therapy for the treatment of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in non surgical… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.87 [0.56, 1.36] | 1 study · 23 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Catheter‐related blood stream infection (CRBI) Same organism recovered from catheter tip and blood culture · patients with central venous catheters Gauze and tape and transparent polyurethane dressings for central venous catheters (2011) · Cochrane | OR 4.19 [1.02, 17.23] | 4 studies · 337 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Exit‐site infection Laboratory testing · patients with central venous catheters Gauze and tape and transparent polyurethane dressings for central venous catheters (2011) · Cochrane | OR 1.78 [0.62, 5.08] | 3 studies · 265 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Positive catheter culture Laboratory testing · patients with central venous catheters Gauze and tape and transparent polyurethane dressings for central venous catheters (2011) · Cochrane | OR 0.74 [0.27, 2.09] | 2 studies · 138 participants | Low |