Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

754 questions · 769 findings · 35 reviews · Kidney and Transplant

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No studies found 228 · 29.6%GRADE not reported 3 · 0.4%Very low 215 · 28%Low 245 · 31.9%Moderate 74 · 9.6%High 4 · 0.5%

Vitamin D vs placebo or no treatment

Fracture · preventing bone disease in kidney transplant recipients

It is very uncertain whether vitamin D changes fracture compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing bone disease in kidney transplant recipients 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.96 [0.1, 8.94]
5 studies · 299 participants
Very low

Vitamin D vs placebo or no treatment

Acute rejection · preventing bone disease in kidney transplant recipients

It is very uncertain whether vitamin D changes acute graft rejection compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing bone disease in kidney transplant recipients 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.98 [0.52, 1.86]
5 studies · 385 participants
Very low

Relaxation vs control

Quality of sleep · people with CKD

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: relaxation changes sleep quality PSQI (median compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving sleep quality in people with chronic kidney disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 259 participants
Very low

Exercise vs control

Quality of life · people with CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving sleep quality in people with chronic kidney disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Exercise vs control

Depressive symptoms · people with CKD

Summary of findings: exercise showed no clear difference in depression Zung Self‐Rating Depression Scale (ZUNG) (median compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving sleep quality in people with chronic kidney disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 46 participants
Moderate

Exercise vs control

Anxiety · people with CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving sleep quality in people with chronic kidney disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Exercise vs control

Fatigue · people with CKD

Summary of findings: exercise showed no clear difference in fatigue PIPER Fatigue Scale (PFS) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)… compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving sleep quality in people with chronic kidney disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 107 participants
Moderate

Exercise vs control

Hospital admissions · people with CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving sleep quality in people with chronic kidney disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Acupressure vs control

Quality of sleep · people with CKD

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: acupressure changes sleep quality PSQI (median compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving sleep quality in people with chronic kidney disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 367 participants
Very low

Acupressure vs control

Sleep onset latency ‐ not reported · people with CKD

Summary of findings: acupressure showed no clear difference in sleep latency PSQI (median compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving sleep quality in people with chronic kidney disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 173 participants
Moderate

Acupressure vs control

Quality of life · people with CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving sleep quality in people with chronic kidney disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Acupressure vs control

Beck Depression Inventory (BDI); higher score means more depression · people with CKD

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: acupressure changes depression Beck Depression Inventory (BECK) (median compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving sleep quality in people with chronic kidney disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 137 participants
Very low

Acupressure vs control

Anxiety · people with CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving sleep quality in people with chronic kidney disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Relaxation vs control

Sleep onset latency ‐ not reported · people with CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving sleep quality in people with chronic kidney disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Acupressure vs control

Fatigue · people with CKD

Summary of findings: acupressure showed no clear difference in fatigue PIPER Fatigue Scale (PSF) (median compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving sleep quality in people with chronic kidney disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 137 participants
Moderate

Acupressure vs control

Hospital admissions · people with CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving sleep quality in people with chronic kidney disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Relaxation vs control

Anxiety · people with CKD

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: relaxation changes anxiety Beck Anxiety Inventory and Spielberger State‐Trait Anxiety… compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving sleep quality in people with chronic kidney disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
SMD 0.11
2 studies · 119 participants
Very low

Relaxation vs control

Hospitalisation (median · people with CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving sleep quality in people with chronic kidney disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Exercise vs control

Quality of sleep · people with CKD

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: exercise changes sleep quality PSQI, ESS and tri‐axial accelerometer (median compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving sleep quality in people with chronic kidney disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 165 participants
Very low

Exercise vs control

Sleep onset latency ‐ not reported · people with CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving sleep quality in people with chronic kidney disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found