Shoulder dystocia · pregnant women with gestational diabetes, between 38 ‐ 39 gestational weeks, without other maternal or fetal conditions.
It is very uncertain whether planned elective birth (induction or caesarean) changes shoulder dystocia compared with expectant management (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Large‐for‐gestational age · pregnant women with gestational diabetes, between 38 ‐ 39 gestational weeks, without other maternal or fetal conditions.
Planned elective birth (induction or caesarean) showed no clear difference in large‐for‐gestational age compared with expectant management (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Acidaemia ‐ not measured · pregnant women with gestational diabetes, between 38 ‐ 39 gestational weeks, without other maternal or fetal conditions.
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Severe perineal/vaginal trauma · Women in labour where operative delivery was not anticipated. (Women were above 16 years old and between 28 gestational weeks and full…
Selective may leads to lower severe perineal/vaginal trauma compared with routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Blood loss at delivery · Women in labour where operative delivery was not anticipated. (Women were above 16 years old and between 28 gestational weeks and full…
1 finding from 1 review
Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes · Women in labour where operative delivery was not anticipated. (Women were above 16 years old and between 28 gestational weeks and full…
1 finding from 1 review
Perineal infection · Women in labour where operative delivery was not anticipated. (Women were above 16 years old and between 28 gestational weeks and full…
Selective showed no clear difference in perineal infection compared with routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Women with moderate or severe pain (measured by visual analogue scale) · Women in labour where operative delivery was not anticipated. (Women were above 16 years old and between 28 gestational weeks and full…
It is very uncertain whether selective changes women with moderate or severe pain (measured by visual analogue scale) compared with routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Women with long‐term dyspareunia (≥ 6 months) · Women in labour where operative delivery was not anticipated. (Women were above 16 years old and between 28 gestational weeks and full…
Selective showed no clear difference in women with long‐term dyspareunia (≥ 6 months) compared with routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal… (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Women with long‐term urinary incontinence (≥ 6 months) · Women in labour where operative delivery was not anticipated. (Women were above 16 years old and between 28 gestational weeks and full…
Selective showed no clear difference in women with long‐term urinary incontinence (≥ 6 months) compared with routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Vaginal delivery not achieved within 24 hours · induction of labour.
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Uterine hyperstimulation with FHR changes ‐ not reported · induction of labour.
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Caesarean section · induction of labour.
Acupuncture showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with sweeping of fetal membranes (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Serious maternal morbidity or death · induction of labour.
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Neonatal death or serious neonatal perinatal morbidity · induction of labour.
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Vaginal delivery not achieved within 24 hours · women with a previous caesarean section (subgroup of all women in the study) with intact fetal membranes, cephalic position and…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Caesarean section · women with a previous caesarean section (subgroup of all women in the study) with intact fetal membranes, cephalic position and…
It is very uncertain whether double‐balloon catheter changes caesarean section compared with vaginal PGE2 (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Serious neonatal morbidity or perinatal death · women with a previous caesarean section (subgroup of all women in the study) with intact fetal membranes, cephalic position and…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Serious maternal morbidity or death · women with a previous caesarean section (subgroup of all women in the study) with intact fetal membranes, cephalic position and…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Vaginal delivery not achieved within 24 hours · women with a previous caesarean section, a live singleton fetus (37‐42 weeks of gestation) in cephalic presentation and a reactive…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found