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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,434 questions in 139 reviews · Kidney and Transplant
current versionsNo studies 504 · 20.7%Ungraded 40 · 1.6%Very low 611 · 25.1%Low 790 · 32.5%Moderate 414 · 17%High 75 · 3.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes GRF (mL/min) · primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 1863 participants | Low |
Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes Hypercholesterolaemia · primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.87 [0.78, 0.98] | 9 studies · 3250 participants | Moderate |
Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I) vs calcineurin inhibitors (CNI): main outcomes Adverse wound outcomes: all complications · primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 2.56 [1.94, 3.36] | 12 studies · 1679 participants | Moderate |
Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes Anaemia · primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.81 [0.72, 0.91] | 10 studies · 3179 participants | Low |
Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes Thrombocytopenia · primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.58 [0.44, 0.75] | 9 studies · 2242 participants | Low |
Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I) vs calcineurin inhibitors (CNI): main outcomes All malignancies · primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.86 [0.5, 1.48] | 10 studies · 2584 participants | Moderate |
Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I) vs calcineurin inhibitors (CNI): main outcomes Number needing to change treatment · primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 2.42 [1.88, 3.11] | 14 studies · 3148 participants | Moderate |
Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I) vs calcineurin inhibitors (CNI): secondary outcomes Outcomes (up to 2 years for secondary outcomes) · primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cognitive‐behavioural therapy vs usual care Major depression Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) (median · people with ESKD Psychosocial interventions for preventing and treating depression in dialysis patients (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Counselling vs usual care HRQoL Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOL‐36) (median · people with ESKD Psychosocial interventions for preventing and treating depression in dialysis patients (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Counselling vs usual care Anxiety · people with ESKD Psychosocial interventions for preventing and treating depression in dialysis patients (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Counselling vs usual care Withdrawal from dialysis · people with ESKD Psychosocial interventions for preventing and treating depression in dialysis patients (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Counselling vs usual care Withdrawal from intervention (median · people with ESKD Psychosocial interventions for preventing and treating depression in dialysis patients (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Counselling vs usual care Death (any cause) (median · people with ESKD Psychosocial interventions for preventing and treating depression in dialysis patients (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.69 [0.32, 8.81] | 2 studies · 270 participants | Low |
Exercise vs usual care Major depression (median · people with ESKD Psychosocial interventions for preventing and treating depression in dialysis patients (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.47 [0.27, 0.81] | 3 studies · 108 participants | Low |
Exercise vs usual care Depression (any severity, including mild, moderate and severe depression) Investigators measured depression using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). A higher score is indicative of more depressive symptoms (median · people with ESKD Psychosocial interventions for preventing and treating depression in dialysis patients (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 108 participants | Moderate |
Exercise vs usual care HRQoL Investigators measured health related quality of life using the Quality of Life Index (QLI). A higher score is indicative of higher perceived of QoL (median · people with ESKD Psychosocial interventions for preventing and treating depression in dialysis patients (2019) · Cochrane | MD 3.06 [2.29, 3.83] | 2 studies · 64 participants | Low |
Exercise vs usual care Anxiety Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) (median · people with ESKD Psychosocial interventions for preventing and treating depression in dialysis patients (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Exercise vs usual care Withdrawal from dialysis · people with ESKD Psychosocial interventions for preventing and treating depression in dialysis patients (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cognitive‐behavioural therapy vs usual care Depression (any severity, including mild, moderate and severe depression) Investigators measured depression using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). A higher score is indicative of more depressive symptoms. (median · people with ESKD Psychosocial interventions for preventing and treating depression in dialysis patients (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 230 participants | Moderate |
Exercise vs usual care Withdrawal from intervention · people with ESKD Psychosocial interventions for preventing and treating depression in dialysis patients (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Exercise vs usual care Death (any cause) · people with ESKD Psychosocial interventions for preventing and treating depression in dialysis patients (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Relaxation techniques vs usual care Major depression · people with ESKD Psychosocial interventions for preventing and treating depression in dialysis patients (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Relaxation techniques vs usual care Depression (any severity, including mild, moderate and severe depression) Investigators measured depression using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). A higher score is indicative of more depressive symptoms. (median · people with ESKD Psychosocial interventions for preventing and treating depression in dialysis patients (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 122 participants | Moderate |
Relaxation techniques vs usual care HRQoL Investigators measured health‐related quality of life using the Health Status Questionnaire Short Form (SF‐36) (median · people with ESKD Psychosocial interventions for preventing and treating depression in dialysis patients (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Relaxation techniques vs usual care Anxiety · people with ESKD Psychosocial interventions for preventing and treating depression in dialysis patients (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Relaxation techniques vs usual care Withdrawal from dialysis · people with ESKD Psychosocial interventions for preventing and treating depression in dialysis patients (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Relaxation techniques vs usual care Withdrawal from intervention · people with ESKD Psychosocial interventions for preventing and treating depression in dialysis patients (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Relaxation techniques vs usual care Death (any cause) · people with ESKD Psychosocial interventions for preventing and treating depression in dialysis patients (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Spiritual practice vs usual care Major depression · people with ESKD Psychosocial interventions for preventing and treating depression in dialysis patients (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cognitive‐behavioural therapy vs usual care Health‐related quality of life Investigators measured health‐related quality of life using different instruments: Quality of Life Scale (QoL) and HRQoL Short Form‐36, Kidney Disease and Quality of Life‐Short Form (KDQOL‐SF‐36) (median · people with ESKD Psychosocial interventions for preventing and treating depression in dialysis patients (2019) · Cochrane | SMD 0.51 [0.19, 0.83] | 4 studies · 230 participants | Moderate |
Spiritual practice vs usual care Depression (any severity, including mild, moderate and severe depression) Investigators measured depression using different instruments: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). A higher score is indicative of more depres... · people with ESKD Psychosocial interventions for preventing and treating depression in dialysis patients (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 116 participants | Very low |
Spiritual practice vs usual care Health‐related quality of life Health Status Questionnaire Short Form (SF‐36) (median · people with ESKD Psychosocial interventions for preventing and treating depression in dialysis patients (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Spiritual practice vs usual care Anxiety Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) (median · people with ESKD Psychosocial interventions for preventing and treating depression in dialysis patients (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Spiritual practice vs usual care Withdrawal from dialysis · people with ESKD Psychosocial interventions for preventing and treating depression in dialysis patients (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Spiritual practice vs usual care Withdrawal from intervention · people with ESKD Psychosocial interventions for preventing and treating depression in dialysis patients (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Spiritual practice vs usual care Death (any cause) · people with ESKD Psychosocial interventions for preventing and treating depression in dialysis patients (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cognitive‐behavioural therapy vs usual care Anxiety Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) (median · people with ESKD Psychosocial interventions for preventing and treating depression in dialysis patients (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cognitive‐behavioural therapy vs usual care Withdrawal from dialysis · people with ESKD Psychosocial interventions for preventing and treating depression in dialysis patients (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cognitive‐behavioural therapy vs usual care Withdrawal from intervention · people with ESKD Psychosocial interventions for preventing and treating depression in dialysis patients (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cognitive‐behavioural therapy vs usual care Death (any cause) (median · people with ESKD Psychosocial interventions for preventing and treating depression in dialysis patients (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.09 [0.35, 3.45] | 2 studies · 145 participants | Low |
Counselling vs usual care Major depression · people with ESKD Psychosocial interventions for preventing and treating depression in dialysis patients (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Counselling vs usual care Depression (any severity, including mild, moderate and severe depression) Investigators measured depression using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). A higher score is indicative of more depressive symptoms. (median · people with ESKD Psychosocial interventions for preventing and treating depression in dialysis patients (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 99 participants | Low |
Laparoscopy vs laparotomy Peritonitis · chronic peritoneal dialysis patients Catheter type, placement and insertion techniques for preventing catheter‐related infections in chronic… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.59, 1.35] | 4 studies · 315 participants | Moderate |
Buried (subcutaneous) vs non‐buried catheter Death (all causes) · chronic peritoneal dialysis patients Catheter type, placement and insertion techniques for preventing catheter‐related infections in chronic… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.39, 2.08] | 2 studies · 119 participants | Moderate |
Midline vs lateral insertion Peritonitis · chronic peritoneal dialysis patients Catheter type, placement and insertion techniques for preventing catheter‐related infections in chronic… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.65 [0.32, 1.33] | 2 studies · 120 participants | Moderate |
Midline vs lateral insertion Exit‐site/tunnel infection · chronic peritoneal dialysis patients Catheter type, placement and insertion techniques for preventing catheter‐related infections in chronic… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.56 [0.12, 2.58] | 2 studies · 120 participants | Low |
Midline vs lateral insertion Catheter removal or replacement · chronic peritoneal dialysis patients Catheter type, placement and insertion techniques for preventing catheter‐related infections in chronic… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.57 [0.33, 0.98] | 1 study · 83 participants | Very low |
Midline vs lateral insertion Death (all causes) · chronic peritoneal dialysis patients Catheter type, placement and insertion techniques for preventing catheter‐related infections in chronic… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 8.5 [0.5, 143.32] | 1 study · 37 participants | Very low |
Percutaneous insertion vs open surgery Exit‐site/tunnel infection · chronic peritoneal dialysis patients Catheter type, placement and insertion techniques for preventing catheter‐related infections in chronic… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.16 [0.02, 1.3] | 2 studies · 96 participants | Moderate |