Smoking cessation · people who smoke
Higher‐dose showed no clear difference in smoking cessation ‐ 42/44 mg versus 21/22 mg (24‐hour patches) compared with lower‐dose nicotine patch (moderate certainty).
3 findings from 1 review
RR 1.09 [0.93, 1.29]
5 studies · 1655 participants
Moderate
RR 1.19 [1, 1.41]
3 studies · 3446 participants
Moderate
RR 1.48 [1.06, 2.08]
1 study · 537 participants
Moderate
SAEs · people who smoke
Higher‐dose showed no clear difference in overall SAEs ‐ 42/44 mg versus 21/22 mg (24 hr patches) compared with lower‐dose nicotine patch (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Treatment withdrawal · people who smoke
Higher‐dose may leads to higher treatment withdrawals ‐ 42/44 mg versus 21/22 mg (24‐hour patches) compared with lower‐dose nicotine patch (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Treatment withdrawals ‐ 21 mg versus 14 mg (24‐hour patches) · people who smoke
Higher‐dose showed no clear difference in treatment withdrawals ‐ 21 mg versus 14 mg (24‐hour patches) compared with lower‐dose nicotine patch (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Smoking cessation · people who smoke
1 finding from 1 review
Overall serious adverse events · people who smoke
1 finding from 1 review
Treatment withdrawal · people who smoke
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Smoking cessation ‐ oral spray versus gum · people who smoke
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes smoking cessation ‐ oral spray versus gum (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Smoking cessation ‐ oral spray versus inhaler · people who smoke
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes smoking cessation ‐ oral spray versus inhaler (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Smoking cessation ‐ gum versus inhaler · people who smoke
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes smoking cessation ‐ gum versus inhaler (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Overall serious adverse events · people who smoke
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Treatment withdrawals · people who smoke
1 finding from 1 review
Risk of requiring allogeneic blood transfusion (30 days post‐surgery) · people undergoing definitive fixation of hip, pelvic and long bone fractures
Intravenous tranexamic acid may leads to lower risk of requiring allogeneic blood transfusion (30 days post‐surgery) compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Re‐operation due to bleeding (7 days post‐surgery) ‐ not reported · people undergoing definitive fixation of hip, pelvic and long bone fractures
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Myocardial infarction (0 to 30 days) · people undergoing definitive fixation of hip, pelvic and long bone fractures
It is very uncertain whether topical tranexamic acid changes risk of myocardial infarction (30 days post‐surgery) compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Stroke · people undergoing definitive fixation of hip, pelvic and long bone fractures
It is very uncertain whether topical tranexamic acid changes risk of cerebrovascular accident/stroke (30 days post‐surgery) compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Deep vein thrombosis · people undergoing definitive fixation of hip, pelvic and long bone fractures
It is very uncertain whether topical tranexamic acid changes risk of deep vein thrombosis (30 days post‐surgery) compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Risk of suspected serious drug reactions (30 days post‐surgery) · people undergoing definitive fixation of hip, pelvic and long bone fractures
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
All‐cause mortality (30 days post‐surgery) · people undergoing definitive fixation of hip, pelvic and long bone fractures
Intravenous tranexamic acid showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (30 days post‐surgery) compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Re‐operation due to bleeding (7 days post‐surgery) ‐ not reported · people undergoing definitive fixation of hip, pelvic and long bone fractures
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found