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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,191 questions · 2,354 findings · 362 reviews

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No studies found 323 · 13.7%GRADE not reported 382 · 16.2%Very low 555 · 23.6%Low 597 · 25.4%Moderate 345 · 14.7%High 152 · 6.5%

Intervention not reported

Health‐related quality of life (respiratory specific) St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ; total score) Scale from 0‐100 Lower value post intervention is favourable, indicating improvement in health‐related quality of life · people with stable COPD
1 finding from 1 review

Hand‐assisted laparoscopic repair vs EVAR

Major complications ‐ lower limb ischaemia (up to 12 months) · People undergoing elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair

Hand‐assisted laparoscopic repair showed no clear difference in major complications ‐ lower limb ischaemia (up to 12 months) compared with EVAR (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

PIPP at 30 s after heel lance Range of scale 0‐21 for infants < 28 weeks PMA and 0‐18 for infants > 36 weeks PMA. A lower score = less pain (Stevens 1996) · neonates with heel lance‐associated pain
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

PIPP score Range of scale 0‐21 for infants < 28 weeks PMA and 0‐18 for infants > 36 weeks PMA A lower score = less pain (Stevens 1996; Stevens 2014a) · neonates with heel lance‐associated pain
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

PIPP score Range of scale 0‐21 for infants < 28 weeks PMA and 0‐18 for infants > 36 weeks PMA A lower score = less pain (Stevens 1996; Stevens 2014a) · neonates with heel lance‐associated pain
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Revised NFCS Range of scale 0‐10 in term infants 0‐9 in preterm infants A lower score = less pain Grunau 1987 · neonates with pain associated with heel lance
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Revised NFCS Range of scale 0‐10 in term infants 0‐9 in preterm infants A lower score = less pain Grunau 1987 · neonates with pain associated with heel lance
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Revised NFCS Range of scale 0‐10 in term infants 0‐9 in preterm infants A lower score = less pain Grunau 1987 · neonates with pain associated with heel lance
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

PIPP at 60 s after heel lance Range of scale 0‐21 for infants < 28 weeks PMA and 0‐18 for infants >3 6 weeks PMA A lower score = less pain (Stevens 1996; Stevens 2014a) · neonates with heel lance‐associated pain
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

NIPS score in term and preterm infants Range of scale 0‐7 A lower score = less pain Lawrence 1993 · neonates with pain associated with venipuncture
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

PIPP score during venipuncture Range of scale 0‐21 for infants < 28 weeks PMA and 0‐18 for infants > 36 weeks PMA A lower score = less pain (Stevens 1996; Stevens 2014a) · neonates with pain associated with venipuncture
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

PIPP score Range of scale 0‐21 for infants < 28 weeks PMA and 0‐18 for infants > 36 weeks PMA A lower score = less pain (Stevens 1996; Stevens 2014a) · neonates with pain associated with venipuncture
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

PIPP score during post‐injection period Range of scale 0‐21 for infants < 28 weeks PMA and 0‐18 for infants > 36 weeks PMA A lower score = less pain (Stevens 1996; Stevens 2014a) · neonates with pain associated with venipuncture
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

DAN score during venipuncture (preterm infants) Range of scale 0‐10 A lower score = less pain (Carbajal 1997) · neonates with pain associated with venipuncture
1 finding from 1 review