Gap finder

Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

Limit to evidence status or GRADE (optional)

1,852 questions in 128 reviews · Effective Practice and Organisation of Care

current versions
No studies 557 · 30.1%Ungraded 53 · 2.9%Very low 446 · 24.1%Low 476 · 25.7%Moderate 255 · 13.8%High 65 · 3.5%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

QuestionEffectEvidenceStatus / GRADE
Intervention NR
Number of participants waiting longer than recommended · patients scheduled for elective surgery
Interventions to reduce waiting times for elective procedures (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 participantsVery low
Intervention NR
Waiting time · patients needing elective specialist ambulatory visit or surgery
Interventions to reduce waiting times for elective procedures (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 123 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Proportion of participants waiting below a recommended time threshold · patients needing elective specialist ambulatory visit or surgery
Interventions to reduce waiting times for elective procedures (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 participantsVery low
Intervention NR
Distant consultancy · patients needing elective specialist ambulatory visit or surgery
Interventions to reduce waiting times for elective procedures (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Waiting time  · patients needing elective specialist ambulatory visit or surgery
Interventions to reduce waiting times for elective procedures (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 10 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Generic waiting list · patients needing elective specialist ambulatory visit or surgery
Interventions to reduce waiting times for elective procedures (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Number of participants waiting less than recommended time threshold or within a recommended time period · patients needing elective specialist ambulatory visit or surgery
Interventions to reduce waiting times for elective procedures (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 participantsVery low
Intervention NR
Serious MEs (ICU)
Interventions for reducing medication errors in children in hospital (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRLow
Intervention NR
MEs
Interventions for reducing medication errors in children in hospital (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRVery low
Intervention NR
Harmful ADEs
Interventions for reducing medication errors in children in hospital (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRVery low
Intervention NR
Potentially harmful ADEs
Interventions for reducing medication errors in children in hospital (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRVery low
Intervention NR
BCMA vs no BCMA
Interventions for reducing medication errors in children in hospital (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Targeted preventable ADEs
Interventions for reducing medication errors in children in hospital (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRLow
Intervention NR
Potential ADEs
Interventions for reducing medication errors in children in hospital (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRLow
Intervention NR
Technical prescribing MEs
Interventions for reducing medication errors in children in hospital (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRLow
Intervention NR
Clinical prescribing MEs
Interventions for reducing medication errors in children in hospital (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRLow
Intervention NR
Potentially harmful MEs
Interventions for reducing medication errors in children in hospital (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRLow
Intervention NR
aPrescriptions.
Interventions for reducing medication errors in children in hospital (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Serious MEs (medical ward)
Interventions for reducing medication errors in children in hospital (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRLow
Intervention NR
Serious MEs (surgical ward)
Interventions for reducing medication errors in children in hospital (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRLow
Intervention NR
Length of stay in days (mean and SD)
Interventions for reducing medication errors in children in hospital (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRLow
Intervention NR
Costs of drugsd ($: number of participants)
Interventions for reducing medication errors in children in hospital (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRLow
Intervention NR
Costs of hospitalisation ($: number of participants)
Interventions for reducing medication errors in children in hospital (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRLow
Intervention NR
CPOE vs no CPOE
Interventions for reducing medication errors in children in hospital (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Non‐intercepted serious MEs
Interventions for reducing medication errors in children in hospital (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRLow
Intervention NR
Preventable ADEs (harm)
Interventions for reducing medication errors in children in hospital (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRLow
Intervention NR
Drug use (item per patient or prescription)
Pharmaceutical policies: effects of financial incentives for prescribers (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRLow
Intervention NR
Healthcare utilisation
Pharmaceutical policies: effects of financial incentives for prescribers (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Health outcomes
Pharmaceutical policies: effects of financial incentives for prescribers (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRVery low
Intervention NR
Drug use (generic percentage)
Pharmaceutical policies: effects of financial incentives for prescribers (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRVery low
Intervention NR
Costs per item
Pharmaceutical policies: effects of financial incentives for prescribers (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRVery low
Intervention NR
Costs per patient or prescription
Pharmaceutical policies: effects of financial incentives for prescribers (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRVery low
Intervention NR
Total costs
Pharmaceutical policies: effects of financial incentives for prescribers (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRVery low
Intervention NR
Healthcare utilisation (referral to outpatient specialists)
Pharmaceutical policies: effects of financial incentives for prescribers (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRVery low
Intervention NR
Health outcomes
Pharmaceutical policies: effects of financial incentives for prescribers (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Drug use
Pharmaceutical policies: effects of financial incentives for prescribers (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRVery low
Intervention NR
Costs
Pharmaceutical policies: effects of financial incentives for prescribers (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Medicine use · vulnerable and general populations
Pharmaceutical policies: effects of cap and co‐payment on rational use of medicines (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Overall healthcare utilisation · vulnerable and general populations
Pharmaceutical policies: effects of cap and co‐payment on rational use of medicines (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Emergency department and hospitalisation · vulnerable and general populations
Pharmaceutical policies: effects of cap and co‐payment on rational use of medicines (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRVery low
Intervention NR
Outpatient care · vulnerable and general populations
Pharmaceutical policies: effects of cap and co‐payment on rational use of medicines (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRVery low
Intervention NR
Health outcomes · vulnerable and general populations
Pharmaceutical policies: effects of cap and co‐payment on rational use of medicines (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Medicine use · vulnerable population: senior 65 years of age or older
Pharmaceutical policies: effects of cap and co‐payment on rational use of medicines (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Overall use of medicines · vulnerable population: senior 65 years of age or older
Pharmaceutical policies: effects of cap and co‐payment on rational use of medicines (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRLow
Intervention NR
Use of medicines for symptomatic conditions · vulnerable population: senior 65 years of age or older
Pharmaceutical policies: effects of cap and co‐payment on rational use of medicines (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRLow
Intervention NR
Use of medicines for asymptomatic conditions · vulnerable population: senior 65 years of age or older
Pharmaceutical policies: effects of cap and co‐payment on rational use of medicines (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRLow
Intervention NR
Cost · vulnerable population: senior 65 years of age or older
Pharmaceutical policies: effects of cap and co‐payment on rational use of medicines (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Patient perspective · vulnerable population: senior 65 years of age or older
Pharmaceutical policies: effects of cap and co‐payment on rational use of medicines (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRLow
Intervention NR
Overall use of medicines · vulnerable and general populations
Pharmaceutical policies: effects of cap and co‐payment on rational use of medicines (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRLow
Intervention NR
Insurer perspective (expenditures on medicines) · vulnerable population: senior 65 years of age or older
Pharmaceutical policies: effects of cap and co‐payment on rational use of medicines (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies