What do systematic reviews say?

Sunlight (with or without filters or amplification) vs no treatment

It is very uncertain whether sunlight (with or without filters or amplification) changes incidence of jaundice in participantsg compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

• Sunlight for the prevention and treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in term and late preterm neonates 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.61 [0.45, 0.82]
  1 study · 482 participants
  Very low

Sunlight (with or without filters or amplification) vs no treatment

• Sunlight for the prevention and treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in term and late preterm neonates 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 482 participants
  Very low

Carbohydrate supplementation vs control

• Carbohydrate supplementation of human milk to promote growth in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 75 participants
  Very low

Carbohydrate supplementation vs control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Carbohydrate supplementation of human milk to promote growth in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Carbohydrate supplementation vs control

• Carbohydrate supplementation of human milk to promote growth in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 75 participants
  Very low

Carbohydrate supplementation vs control

It is very uncertain whether carbohydrate supplementation changes feeding Intolerance compared with control (very low certainty).

• Carbohydrate supplementation of human milk to promote growth in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.64 [0.36, 1.15]
  1 study · 75 participants
  Very low

Carbohydrate supplementation vs control

It is very uncertain whether carbohydrate supplementation changes necrotising enterocolitis compared with control (very low certainty).

• Carbohydrate supplementation of human milk to promote growth in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.18 [0.02, 1.3]
  1 study · 75 participants
  Very low

Fat supplementation vs control

• Fat supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 14 participants
  Very low

Fat supplementation vs control

• Fat supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 14 participants
  Very low

Fat supplementation vs control

• Fat supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 14 participants
  Very low

Fat supplementation vs control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Fat supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Fat supplementation vs control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Fat supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Fat supplementation vs control

It is very uncertain whether fat supplementation changes feeding intolerance compared with control (very low certainty).

• Fat supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3 [0.1, 64.3]
  1 study · 16 participants
  Very low

Fat supplementation vs control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Fat supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

• Multi‐nutrient fortification of human milk for preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  14 studies · 951 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Multi‐nutrient fortification of human milk for preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  10 studies · 741 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Multi‐nutrient fortification of human milk for preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  11 studies · 821 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Multi‐nutrient fortification of human milk for preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 245 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Multi‐nutrient fortification of human milk for preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 245 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in necrotising enterocolitis (low certainty).

• Multi‐nutrient fortification of human milk for preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.37 [0.72, 2.63]
  13 studies · 1110 participants
  Low