Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

628 questions · 651 findings · 39 reviews · Skin

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No studies found 167 · 25.7%GRADE not reported 47 · 7.2%Very low 80 · 12.3%Low 139 · 21.4%Moderate 174 · 26.7%High 44 · 6.8%

Chinese herbal medicines vs placebo

Itching VAS (Analysis 1.2) Participant's rating. Scale from 1 to 10 · atopic eczema

1 finding from 1 review

Chinese herbal medicine for atopic eczema 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 94 participants
Low

Chinese herbal medicines vs placebo

Overall severity score (Analysis 1.3) Clinician's rating. Scale from 1 to 80 · atopic eczema

1 finding from 1 review

Chinese herbal medicine for atopic eczema 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 239 participants
Very low

Chinese herbal medicines vs placebo

QoL · atopic eczema

1 finding from 1 review

Chinese herbal medicine for atopic eczema 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 85 participants
Moderate

Chinese herbal medicines vs placebo

Adverse events (Analysis 1.7) Participant's report · atopic eczema

CHM showed no clear difference in adverse events (Analysis 1.7) Participant's report compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chinese herbal medicine for atopic eczema 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.71 [0.06, 8.67]
2 studies · 129 participants
Low

1% pimecrolimus cream vs Placebo (vehicle cream)

Physician Global Assessment (surface of erosive lesions) · People with erosive oral lichen planus

1% pimecrolimus cream showed no clear difference in physician Global Assessment (surface of erosive lesions) compared with placebo (vehicle cream); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
MD -0.50 [-1.39, 0.39]
1 study · 12 participants
GRADE not reported

1% pimecrolimus cream vs Placebo (vehicle cream)

Side effects · People with erosive oral lichen planus

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
Table 3 (Side-effects). Passeron 2007: 1% pimecrolimus well-tolerated, transient burning (2) during the first 2 weeks. Swift 2005: pimecrolimus - slight burning of the tip of the tongue after applying 1% pimecrolimus…
3 studies · 52 participants
GRADE not reported

1% pimecrolimus cream vs Placebo (vehicle cream)

Physician Global Assessment (strong improvement) · People with erosive oral lichen planus

1% pimecrolimus cream led to higher physician Global Assessment (strong improvement) compared with placebo (vehicle cream); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 7.00 [1.04, 46.95]
1 study · 20 participants
GRADE not reported

Any topical or systemic intervention vs Placebo, no treatment, or another intervention

Outcome not reported · People with erosive anogenital (genital) lichen planus

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
None of the included studies assessed the effectiveness of treatments of genital ELP; no evidence was found for genital ELP.
0 studies
No studies found

1% pimecrolimus cream vs Placebo (vehicle cream)

Participant global self-assessment · People with erosive oral lichen planus

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
One study (Passeron 2007) assessed participant global self-assessment on a 5-point scale: 5/6 participants in the 1% pimecrolimus group rated their improvement as moderate or important versus 1/6 in the placebo group…
1 study · 12 participants
GRADE not reported

Any topical or systemic intervention (topical/systemic steroids, ciclosporin, tacrolimus, retinoids, anti-malarials, biologics, phototherapy, surgery) vs Placebo, no treatment, another active intervention, or a different dose of the same intervention

Eating a normally varied diet · People of any age with erosive lichen planus affecting the oral, anogenital, and/or oesophageal regions

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
No studies reported this outcome.
0 studies
No studies found

Fluocinonide in adhesive base vs placebo

Physician Global Assessment (clinical signs, complete response) · People with erosive oral lichen planus

Fluocinonide in adhesive base showed no clear difference in physician Global Assessment (clinical signs, complete response) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 4.67 [0.24, 88.96]
1 study · 27 participants
GRADE not reported

Any topical or systemic intervention (topical/systemic steroids, ciclosporin, tacrolimus, retinoids, anti-malarials, biologics, phototherapy, surgery) vs Placebo, no treatment, another active intervention, or a different dose of the same intervention

Restoration of sexual activity · People of any age with erosive lichen planus affecting the oral, anogenital, and/or oesophageal regions

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
None of the included studies assessed the effectiveness of treatments of genital ELP; thus, this outcome was not reported.
0 studies
No studies found

1% pimecrolimus cream vs Placebo (vehicle cream)

Clinical response ‐ complete response · People with erosive oral lichen planus

1% pimecrolimus cream showed no clear difference in complete clinical response (complete clearance) compared with placebo (vehicle cream); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 3.50 [0.95, 12.90]
1 study · 20 participants
GRADE not reported

1% pimecrolimus cream vs Placebo (vehicle cream)

Relapse rate when medications stopped · People with erosive oral lichen planus

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
In Passeron 2007 (n=12), all participants who improved during treatment relapsed within 1 month of ceasing treatment.
1 study · 12 participants
GRADE not reported

Any topical or systemic intervention (topical/systemic steroids, ciclosporin, tacrolimus, retinoids, anti-malarials, biologics, phototherapy, surgery) vs Placebo, no treatment, another active intervention, or a different dose of the same intervention

Reduction in number of flares · People of any age with erosive lichen planus affecting the oral, anogenital, and/or oesophageal regions

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
No studies reported this outcome.
0 studies
No studies found

1% pimecrolimus cream vs Placebo (vehicle cream)

Physician Global Assessment (weighted sums of ulceration, erythema, reticulation, mm2) · People with erosive oral lichen planus

1% pimecrolimus cream showed no clear difference in physician Global Assessment (weighted sums of ulceration, erythema,… compared with placebo (vehicle cream); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
MD -56.57 [-134.02, 20.88]
1 study · 20 participants
GRADE not reported

Any topical or systemic intervention vs Placebo, no treatment, or another intervention

Outcome not reported · People with erosive oesophageal lichen planus

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
None of the studies involved oesophageal disease; hence, no evidence was found for the treatment of oesophageal ELP.
0 studies
No studies found

Aloe vera gel vs placebo

Physician Global Assessment (Thongprasom score) · People with erosive oral lichen planus

Aloe vera gel showed no clear difference in physician Global Assessment (Thongprasom score) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 2.64 [0.11, 61.54]
1 study · 45 participants
GRADE not reported

Aloe vera gel vs placebo

Primary outcome: partial clinical response · People with erosive oral lichen planus

Aloe vera gel led to higher partial response (>=50% clinical improvement) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 19.25 [2.83, 130.85]
1 study · 45 participants
GRADE not reported

Aloe vera gel vs placebo

Side effects · People with erosive oral lichen planus

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
Table 3 (Side-effects). Choonhakarn 2008: no serious side-effects; 2 participants receiving aloe vera gel reported stinging and mild itching at lesions within the first week, symptoms spontaneously disappeared with…
1 study · 45 participants
GRADE not reported