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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,353 questions in 210 reviews · Neonatal
current versionsNo studies 432 · 18.4%Ungraded 99 · 4.2%Very low 609 · 25.9%Low 737 · 31.3%Moderate 385 · 16.4%High 91 · 3.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Comparison 1: referral or full course of antibiotics vs standard care Neonatal mortality ‐ full course · neonates with sepsis Community‐based antibiotic delivery for possible serious bacterial infections in neonates in low‐ and… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.87 [0.72, 1.04] | 4 studies · 121779 participants | Very low |
Comparison 1: route of antibiotic vs standard care Neonatal mortality ‐ oral antibiotic · neonates with sepsis Community‐based antibiotic delivery for possible serious bacterial infections in neonates in low‐ and… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.7 [0.54, 0.9] | 2 studies · 40223 participants | Low |
Comparison 1: route of antibiotic vs standard care Neonatal mortality ‐ injectable antibiotic · neonates with sepsis Community‐based antibiotic delivery for possible serious bacterial infections in neonates in low‐ and… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.67 [0.51, 0.88] | 1 study · 5684 participants | Moderate |
Comparison 1: route of antibiotic vs standard care Neonatal mortality ‐ oral + injectable antibiotics · neonates with sepsis Community‐based antibiotic delivery for possible serious bacterial infections in neonates in low‐ and… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.92, 1.06] | 2 studies · 79227 participants | Moderate |
Community health educational interventions vs control Neonatal mortality · developing countries Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.87 [0.78, 0.96] | 26 studies · 553111 participants | Low |
Community health educational one‐to‐one and group and both counselling (subgroup) vs control Early neonatal mortality ‐ Both one‐to‐one and group counselling · developing countries Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.78 [0.65, 0.93] | 5 studies · 180690 participants | Moderate |
Community health educational one‐to‐one and group and both counselling (subgroup) vs control Late neonatal mortality ‐ Group counselling · developing countries Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.5 [0.31, 0.81] | 7 studies · 118239 participants | Very low |
Community health educational one‐to‐one and group and both counselling (subgroup) vs control Late neonatal mortality ‐ Both group and one‐to‐one counselling · developing countries Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.72 [0.57, 0.91] | 4 studies · 68404 participants | Moderate |
Community health educational one‐to‐one and group and both counselling (subgroup) vs control Perinatal mortality ‐ One‐to‐one counselling · developing countries Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.57, 1.34] | 2 studies · 23829 participants | Very low |
Community health educational one‐to‐one and group and both counselling (subgroup) vs control Perinatal mortality ‐ Group counselling · developing countries Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.77, 0.94] | 8 studies · 156505 participants | Low |
Community health educational one‐to‐one and group and both counselling (subgroup) vs control Perinatal mortality ‐ Both group and one‐to‐one counselling · developing countries Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.78 [0.67, 0.9] | 5 studies · 82279 participants | Low |
Community health educational ANC period and PNC period and both periods (subgroup) vs control Neonatal mortality ‐ Education provided during ANC period only · developing countries Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.64, 1.09] | 3 studies · 47849 participants | Very low |
Community health educational ANC period and PNC period and both periods (subgroup) vs control Neonatal mortality ‐ Education provided during PNC period only · developing countries Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [0.84, 1.24] | 3 studies · 172882 participants | Low |
Community health educational ANC period and PNC period and both periods (subgroup) vs control Neonatal mortality ‐ Education provided in both ANC and PNC periods · developing countries Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.76, 0.96] | 20 studies · 332380 participants | Very low |
Community health educational ANC period and PNC period and both periods (subgroup) vs control Early neonatal mortality ‐ Education provided during ANC period only · developing countries Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 [0.43, 0.95] | 2 studies · 33209 participants | Very low |
Community health educational interventions vs control Early neonatal mortality · developing countries Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.74 [0.66, 0.84] | 15 studies · 321588 participants | Very low |
Community health educational ANC period and PNC period and both periods (subgroup) vs control Early neonatal mortality ‐ Education provided during PNC period only · developing countries Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.94, 1.12] | 1 study · 111529 participants | Moderate |
Community health educational ANC period and PNC period and both periods (subgroup) vs control Early neonatal mortality ‐ Education provided during both ANC and PNC periods · developing countries Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.76 [0.68, 0.84] | 12 studies · 176850 participants | Very low |
Community health educational ANC period and PNC period and both periods (subgroup) vs control Late neonatal mortality ‐ Education provided during ANC period only · developing countries Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.87 [0.54, 1.4] | 1 study · 30952 participants | Very low |
Community health educational ANC period and PNC period and both periods (subgroup) vs control Late neonatal mortality ‐ Education provided during both ANC and PNC periods · developing countries Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.52 [0.38, 0.72] | 10 studies · 155691 participants | Very low |
Community health educational ANC period and PNC period and both periods (subgroup) vs control Perinatal mortality ‐ Education provided during PNC only · developing countries Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.78, 1.02] | 1 study · 60480 participants | High |
Community health educational ANC period and PNC period and both periods (subgroup) vs control Perinatal mortality ‐ Education provided during ANC period only · developing countries Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.59, 1.39] | 2 studies · 33513 participants | Very low |
Community health educational ANC period and PNC period and both periods (subgroup) vs control Perinatal mortality ‐ Education provided during both ANC and PNC periods · developing countries Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.81 [0.72, 0.91] | 12 studies · 168620 participants | Low |
Community health educational intervention for family members and mothers and for mothers only (subgroup) vs control Neonatal mortality ‐ Intervention given to mothers and family members · developing countries Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.74, 0.95] | 13 studies · 282817 participants | Low |
Community health educational intervention for family members and mothers and for mothers only (subgroup) vs control Neonatal mortality ‐ Intervention given to mothers only · developing countries Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.77, 1.05] | 13 studies · 270294 participants | Very low |
Community health educational intervention for family members and mothers and for mothers only (subgroup) vs control Early neonatal mortality ‐ Intervention given to mothers and family members · developing countries Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.7 [0.56, 0.87] | 7 studies · 99097 participants | Very low |
Community health educational interventions vs control Late neonatal mortality · developing countries Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.54 [0.4, 0.74] | 11 studies · 186643 participants | Very low |
Community health educational intervention for family members and mothers and for mothers only (subgroup) vs control Early neonatal mortality ‐ Intervention given to mothers only · developing countries Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.78 [0.68, 0.9] | 8 studies · 222491 participants | Very low |
Community health educational intervention for family members and mothers and for mothers only (subgroup) vs control Late neonatal mortality ‐ Intervention given to mothers and family members · developing countries Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.69 [0.51, 0.92] | 4 studies · 76388 participants | Low |
Community health educational intervention for family members and mothers and for mothers only (subgroup) vs control Late neonatal mortality ‐ Intervention given to mothers only · developing countries Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.5 [0.31, 0.78] | 7 studies · 110255 participants | Very low |
Community health educational intervention for family members and mothers and for mothers only (subgroup) vs control Perinatal mortality ‐ Intervention given to mothers and family members · developing countries Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.72, 0.96] | 7 studies · 141824 participants | Low |
Community health educational intervention for family members and mothers and for mothers only (subgroup) vs control Perinatal mortality ‐ Intervention given to mothers only · developing countries Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.72, 0.96] | 8 studies · 120789 participants | Low |
Community health educational interventions vs control Neonatal mortality · developing countries Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.79, 0.98] | 22 studies · 497258 participants | Moderate |
Community health educational interventions vs control Early neonatal mortality · developing countries Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.71 [0.62, 0.82] | 11 studies · 26472 participants | Moderate |
Community health educational interventions vs control Late neonatal mortality · developing countries Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.51 [0.36, 0.72] | 9 studies · 150867 participants | Moderate |
Community health educational interventions vs control Perinatal mortality · developing countries Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.75, 0.94] | 12 studies · 262613 participants | Moderate |
Community health educational interventions vs control aInconsistency. · developing countries Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Community health educational interventions vs control Perinatal mortality · developing countries Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.75, 0.91] | 15 studies · 262613 participants | Very low |
Community health educational one‐to‐one and group and both counselling (subgroup) vs control Neonatal mortality ‐ One‐to‐one counselling · developing countries Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.71, 1.2] | 8 studies · 105735 participants | Very low |
Community health educational one‐to‐one and group and both counselling (subgroup) vs control Neonatal mortality ‐ Group counselling · developing countries Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.74, 0.92] | 12 studies · 211164 participants | Low |
Community health educational one‐to‐one and group and both counselling (subgroup) vs control Neonatal mortality ‐ Both group and one‐to‐one counselling · developing countries Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.76, 1.06] | 6 studies · 236212 participants | Moderate |
Community health educational one‐to‐one and group and both counselling (subgroup) vs control Early neonatal mortality ‐ Group counselling · developing countries Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.7 [0.61, 0.8] | 9 studies · 122151 participants | Low |
Community health educational one‐to‐one and group and both counselling (subgroup) vs control Early neonatal mortality ‐ One‐to‐one counselling · developing countries Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.3 [1.01, 1.67] | 1 study · 18747 participants | Low |
Needle aspiration (needle removed immediately after aspiration) vs intercostal tube drainage Mortality neonatal (first 28 days of life) ‐ not reported · patients with pneumothorax in the newborn Needle aspiration versus intercostal tube drainage for pneumothorax in the newborn (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Needle aspiration (needle or angiocatheter left in situ) vs intercostal tube drainage Successful evacuation of extra‐pleural air · patients with pneumothorax in the newborn Needle aspiration versus intercostal tube drainage for pneumothorax in the newborn (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.89, 1.12] | 1 study · 72 participants | Very low |
Needle aspiration (needle or angiocatheter left in situ) vs intercostal tube drainage Bleeding from incision for the insertion of the needle or the tube · patients with pneumothorax in the newborn Needle aspiration versus intercostal tube drainage for pneumothorax in the newborn (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.92] | 1 study · 72 participants | Very low |
Needle aspiration (needle or angiocatheter left in situ) vs intercostal tube drainage Haemothorax ‐ not reported · patients with pneumothorax in the newborn Needle aspiration versus intercostal tube drainage for pneumothorax in the newborn (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Needle aspiration (needle removed immediately after aspiration) vs intercostal tube drainage Mortality during hospitalisation · patients with pneumothorax in the newborn Needle aspiration versus intercostal tube drainage for pneumothorax in the newborn (2019) · Cochrane | RR 3.92 [0.88, 17.58] | 1 study · 70 participants | Very low |
Needle aspiration (needle removed immediately after aspiration) vs intercostal tube drainage Need for intercostal tube drainage · patients with pneumothorax in the newborn Needle aspiration versus intercostal tube drainage for pneumothorax in the newborn (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.7 [0.56, 0.88] | 1 study · 70 participants | Very low |
Needle aspiration (needle removed immediately after aspiration) vs intercostal tube drainage Successful evacuation of extra‐pleural air ‐ not reported · patients with pneumothorax in the newborn Needle aspiration versus intercostal tube drainage for pneumothorax in the newborn (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |