Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

948 questions · 998 findings · 100 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 233 · 23.3%GRADE not reported 40 · 4%Very low 203 · 20.3%Low 271 · 27.2%Moderate 176 · 17.6%High 75 · 7.5%

Vitamin K antagonists vs heparin

Bleeding ‐ clinically indicated non‐major Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs heparin

Minor bleeding · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Vitamin K antagonists showed no clear difference in bleeding ‐ minor Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs placebo

Symptomatic VTE · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Vitamin K antagonists showed no clear difference in symptomatic VTE (DVT and PE) Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs placebo

Symptomatic DVT · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Vitamin K antagonists showed no clear difference in symptomatic DVT (proximal or distal) Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs placebo

Symptomatic PE Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Vitamin K antagonists showed no clear difference in symptomatic PE Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs low molecular weight heparin

All‐cause mortality · ambulatory patients with multiple myeloma receiving immunomodulatory agents

It is very uncertain whether vitamin K antagonist (VKA) changes all‐cause mortality compared with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs low molecular weight heparin

Symptomatic DVT · ambulatory patients with multiple myeloma receiving immunomodulatory agents

It is very uncertain whether vitamin K antagonist (VKA) changes symptomatic deep vein thrombosis compared with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs low molecular weight heparin

Pulmonary embolism · ambulatory patients with multiple myeloma receiving immunomodulatory agents

It is very uncertain whether vitamin K antagonist (VKA) changes pulmonary embolism compared with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs low molecular weight heparin

Major bleeding · ambulatory patients with multiple myeloma receiving immunomodulatory agents

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs low molecular weight heparin

Minor bleeding · ambulatory patients with multiple myeloma receiving immunomodulatory agents

It is very uncertain whether vitamin K antagonist (VKA) changes minor bleeding compared with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs no VKA

Symptomatic catheter‐related thrombosis (up to 3 months) · people with cancer with thrombosis prophylaxis and central venous catheters

Vitamin K antagonist (VKA) showed no clear difference in symptomatic catheter‐related thrombosis (up to 3 months) compared with no VKA (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs no VKA

Symptomatic catheter‐related thrombosis measured as asymptomatic catheter‐related thrombosis (up to 3 months) · people with cancer with thrombosis prophylaxis and central venous catheters

It is very uncertain whether vitamin K antagonist (VKA) changes symptomatic catheter‐related thrombosis measured as asymptomatic… compared with no VKA (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs no VKA

Antibiotic versus heparin only lock/flush solution: catheter‐related infections · people with cancer with thrombosis prophylaxis and central venous catheters

Vitamin K antagonist (VKA) showed no clear difference in catheter‐related infection (3 months) compared with no VKA (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Rice fortified with iron alone or in combination with other micronutrients vs unfortified rice (no micronutrients added)

Vitamin A deficiency · general population of all age groups (including pregnant women) from any country, over two years of age

Rice fortified with iron alone or in combination with other… showed no clear difference in vitamin A deficiency (as defined by the study authors) compared with unfortified rice (no micronutrients added) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review