Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,126 questions · 1,225 findings · 111 reviews

No studies found 235 · 19.2%GRADE not reported 260 · 21.2%Very low 207 · 16.9%Low 271 · 22.1%Moderate 177 · 14.4%High 75 · 6.1%

Vitamin D compounds (supplementation) vs placebo or control

Creatinine clearance · Adults with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis

Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Creatinine clearance: WMD -1.68 (95% CI -6.92 to 3.56), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D compounds (supplementation) vs placebo or control

Risk of hyperphosphataemia · Adults with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis

Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Risk of hyperphosphataemia: RR 1.57 (95% CI 0.97 to 2.54), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D compounds (supplementation) vs placebo or control

Fracture · Adults with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis

Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Fractures: RR 1.00 (95% CI 0.06 to 15.41), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D compounds (supplementation) vs placebo or control

Hypercalcaemia · Adults with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis

Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Risk of hypercalcaemia: RR 3.04 (95% CI 1.17 to 7.90), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D compounds (supplementation) vs placebo or control

Parathyroid hormone · Adults with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis

Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Parathyroid hormone: WMD -196.05 (95% CI -298.43 to -93.66), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Probable.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D compounds (supplementation) vs placebo or control

Risk of requiring dialysis · Adults with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis

Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Risk of requiring dialysis: RR 0.76 (95% CI 0.36 to 1.62), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D compounds (supplementation) vs placebo or control

Parathyroid hormone · Adults with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis

Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Parathyroid hormone: WMD -49.34 (95% CI -85.70 to -12.97), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D compounds (supplementation) vs placebo or control

Vascular calcification · Adults with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis

Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Vascular calcification: RR 1.09 (95% CI 0.45 to 2.67), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D compounds (supplementation) vs placebo or control

All‐cause mortality · Adults with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis

Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Mortality: RR 1.34 (95% CI 0.34 to 5.24), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D compounds (supplementation) vs placebo or control

Alkaline phosphatase · Adults with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis

Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Alkaline phosphatase: WMD -27.35 (95% CI -50.69 to -4.01), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D compounds (supplementation) vs placebo or control

Parathyroidectomy · Adults with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis

Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Parathyroidectomy: RR 0.82 (95% CI 0.05 to 12.47), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D compounds (supplementation) vs placebo or control

Alkaline phosphatase · Adults with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis

Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Alkaline phosphatase: WMD -21.81 (95% CI -40.39 to 3.22), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D compounds (supplementation) vs placebo or control

Risk of hyperphosphataemia · Adults with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis

Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Risk of hyperphosphataemia: RR 1.58 (95% CI 0.47 to 5.30), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D compounds (supplementation) vs placebo or control

Bone pain · Adults with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis

Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Bone pain: RR 0.29 (95% CI 0.03 to 2.63), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.

1 finding from 1 review

High-dose vitamin D3 supplementation during pregnancy (2400 IU/day from pregnancy week 24 to 1 week postpartum, in addition to the recommended 400 IU/day) vs Low-dose (standard) vitamin D supplementation as recommended in national pregnancy guidelines

Caries presence in primary teeth · For interventions, pregnant women, mothers or other caregivers of infants in the first year of life; for outcomes, children up to 6 years…

It is very uncertain whether high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation during pregnancy (2400 IU/day… changes caries presence in primary teeth compared with low-dose (standard) vitamin D supplementation as recommended in… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High-dose vitamin D3 supplementation during pregnancy (2400 IU/day from pregnancy week 24 to 1 week postpartum, in addition to the recommended 400 IU/day) vs Low-dose (standard) vitamin D supplementation as recommended in national pregnancy guidelines

Dental caries · For interventions, pregnant women, mothers or other caregivers of infants in the first year of life; for outcomes, children up to 6 years…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Vitamin D plus calcium vs placebo or control

Hip Fracture · post‐menopausal women and older people at risk of osteoporotic fractures

Vitamin D [D2, D3 or 25(OH)D] plus calcium leads to lower persons sustaining new hip fracture (1 year estimate) compared with control or placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review