Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,692 questions · 2,586 findings · 180 reviews · Dental caries

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No studies found 194 · 7.5%GRADE not reported 1,937 · 74.9%Very low 248 · 9.6%Low 136 · 5.3%Moderate 52 · 2%High 19 · 0.7%

Intervention not reported

Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 3: secondary caries

The intervention led to higher amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 3:…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomes
HDI: Very high
RR 6.56 [4.37, 9.86]
10 studies
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 8: disruption of occlusal integrity

The intervention led to lower composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 8:…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomes
Continent: Europe
RR 0.32 [0.27, 0.37]
6 studies
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 3: secondary caries

The intervention showed no clear difference in composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 3:…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomes
HDI: Medium
RR 0.70 [0.05, 10.26]
2 studies
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 7: non-stable (mobile) restoration

The intervention led to higher composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 7:…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomes
HDI: Very high
RR 19.06 [7.76, 46.80]
10 studies
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 4: marginal discoloration

The intervention led to higher amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 4:…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomes
Continent: Asia
RR 5.71 [3.51, 9.28]
11 studies
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 6: superficial discoloration

The intervention led to lower composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 6:…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomes
Coverage: Covering cost of minimally invasive treatment
RR 0.26 [0.16, 0.41]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 3: secondary caries

The intervention led to higher amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 3:…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomes
HDI: Medium
RR 5.73 [2.83, 11.57]
2 studies
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 8: disruption of occlusal integrity

The intervention led to higher amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 8:…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomes
HDI: High
RR 1.85 [1.43, 2.39]
7 studies
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 7: non-stable (mobile) restoration

The intervention led to higher composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 7:…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomes
Coverage: Not covering
RR 10.96 [6.53, 18.39]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 8: disruption of occlusal integrity

The intervention led to higher amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 8:…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomes
Coverage: Covering cost of minimally invasive treatment
RR 1.76 [1.38, 2.24]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported

Obesity or overweight (higher BMI, mostly WHO BMI ≥25/≥30; 2 studies used waist circumference) vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese

Dental caries · Adults (≥18 years)

In the overweight subgroup, no significant association with dental caries (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.00; ungraded).

2 findings from 1 review

Multimorbidity patterns of dental caries and obesity/overweight among adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2025 All outcomes
Population-based cross-sectional studies; adults ≥18 years; 6 countries (Turkey, Portugal, China, Japan, Saudi Arabia, Israel, South Korea) · By BMI classification: overweight (vs study-defined non-overweight: normal or low weight)
OR 0.99 [0.98, 1.00]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Multimorbidity patterns of dental caries and obesity/overweight among adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2025 All outcomes
Population-based cross-sectional studies; adults ≥18 years; 6 countries (Turkey, Portugal, China, Japan, Saudi Arabia, Israel, South Korea) · By BMI classification: obesity (vs study-defined non-obese: normal or low weight)
OR 1.04 [0.85, 1.23]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 4: marginal discoloration

The intervention showed no clear difference in composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 4:…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomes
HDI: Medium
RR 2.01 [0.98, 4.09]
2 studies
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 7: non-stable (mobile) restoration

The intervention led to higher amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 7:…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomes
Coverage: Not covering
RR 18.78 [8.63, 40.89]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 7: non-stable (mobile) restoration

The intervention led to higher amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 7:…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomes
Coverage: Covering cost of minimally invasive treatment
RR 34.41 [16.26, 72.86]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 8: disruption of occlusal integrity

The intervention led to higher amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 8:…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomes
Continent: Africa
RR 1.57 [1.31, 1.87]
2 studies
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 5: open margin

The intervention led to higher composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 5: open…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomes
Continent: Africa
RR 7.59 [3.13, 18.38]
2 studies
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 8: disruption of occlusal integrity

The intervention showed no clear difference in amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 8:…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomes
HDI: Low
RR 1.47 [0.87, 2.48]
2 studies
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 7: non-stable (mobile) restoration

The intervention led to higher composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 7:…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomes
Continent: South America
RR 8.17 [2.20, 30.35]
2 studies
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 4: marginal discoloration

The intervention led to higher composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 4:…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomes
Continent: Asia
RR 2.14 [1.47, 3.10]
11 studies
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 8: disruption of occlusal integrity

The intervention led to lower composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 8:…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomes
Continent: Asia
RR 0.38 [0.26, 0.56]
11 studies
GRADE not reported