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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,105 questions in 84 reviews · Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders
current versionsNo studies 434 · 39.3%Ungraded 32 · 2.9%Very low 246 · 22.3%Low 237 · 21.4%Moderate 132 · 11.9%High 24 · 2.2%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
GLP‐1 analogues inhibitors vs sulphonylureas Treatment satisfaction Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 62 participants | Very low |
GLP‐1 analogues inhibitors vs sulphonylureas HbA1c (%) Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 246 participants | Low |
Insulin analogues vs biphasic insulin Hypoglycaemic episodes a) Non‐serious hypoglycaemia Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.43 [0.13, 1.4] | 2 studies · 500 participants | Very low |
Insulin analogues vs biphasic insulin Health‐related quality of life Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Insulin analogues vs biphasic insulin Any adverse events other than hypoglycaemia Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.44, 1.56] | 2 studies · 500 participants | Very low |
Insulin analogues vs biphasic insulin All‐cause mortality Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | RR 3.02 [0.12, 73.53] | 1 study · 263 participants | Very low |
DPP‐4 inhibitors vs sulphonylureas Adverse events other than hypoglycaemia Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.52, 1.54] | 3 studies · 2426 participants | Very low |
Insulin analogues vs biphasic insulin Treatment satisfaction Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Insulin analogues vs biphasic insulin HbA1c (%) Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 245 participants | Very low |
Telemedicine vs usual care Hypoglycaemic episodes a) Non‐serious hypoglycaemia Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.42 [0.24, 0.74] | 2 studies · 121 participants | Very low |
Telemedicine vs usual care Health‐related quality of life Defined using: EQ‐5D‐3L (higher values represent better quality of life) Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 85 participants | Very low |
Telemedicine vs usual care Adverse events other than hypoglycaemia Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Telemedicine vs usual care All‐cause mortality Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Telemedicine vs usual care Treatment satisfaction Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Telemedicine vs usual care HbA1c (%) Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 85 participants | Very low |
Patient education vs usual care Hypoglycaemic episodes (a) Non‐serious hypoglycaemia Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.17 [0.82, 1.66] | 2 studies · 377 participants | Very low |
Patient education vs usual care Health‐related quality of life Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
DPP‐4 inhibitors vs sulphonylureas All‐cause mortality Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 2426 participants | Moderate |
Patient education vs usual care Adverse events other than hypoglycaemia Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Patient education vs usual care All‐cause mortality Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Patient education vs usual care Treatment satisfaction Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Patient education vs usual care HbA1c (%) Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 422 participants | Very low |
Drug dosage reduction vs usual care Hypoglycaemic episodes (a) Non‐serious hypoglycaemia Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.18 [0.11, 0.3] | 1 study · 678 participants | Very low |
Drug dosage reduction vs usual care Health‐related quality of life Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Drug dosage reduction vs usual care Adverse events other than hypoglycaemia Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 678 participants | Very low |
Drug dosage reduction vs usual care All‐cause mortality Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Drug dosage reduction vs usual care Treatment satisfaction Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Drug dosage reduction vs usual care HbA1c (%) Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
DPP‐4 inhibitors vs sulphonylureas Treatment satisfaction Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
DPP‐4 inhibitors vs sulphonylureas HbA1c (%) Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 626 participants | Very low |
DPP‐4 inhibitors vs sulphonylureas Self‐care Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Meglitinides vs sulphonylureas Hypoglycaemic episodes a) Non‐serious hypoglycaemia Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.72 [0.4, 1.28] | 2 studies · 273 participants | Very low |
Meglitinides vs sulphonylureas Health‐related quality of life Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Obesity Class I vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese OutcomesTime frame of absolute effects · Adults with COVID‐19 Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Obesity Class II vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese Mortality(in‐hospital) · Adults with COVID‐19 Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality (2023) · Cochrane | Odds Ratio 1.16 | 11 studies · 317925 participants | High |
Obesity Class II vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese Mechanical ventilation(in‐hospital) · Adults with COVID‐19 Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality (2023) · Cochrane | Odds Ratio 1.67 | 6 studies · 171149 participants | High |
Obesity Class II vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese ICU admission(in‐hospital) · Adults with COVID‐19 Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality (2023) · Cochrane | Odds Ratio 1.02 | 4 studies · 157665 participants | Low |
Obesity Class II vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese Hospitalisation(30‐days, community) · Adults with COVID‐19 Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality (2023) · Cochrane | Odds Ratio 1.04 | 3 studies · 293707 participants | Moderate |
Obesity Class II vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese Severe COVID · Adults with COVID‐19 Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Obesity Class II vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese Pneumonia · Adults with COVID‐19 Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Obesity Class II vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese  · Adults with COVID‐19 Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Obesity Class III vs Normal BMI, Non‐obese, or BMI < 40 OutcomesTime frame of absolute effects · Adults with COVID‐19 Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Obesity Class III vs Normal BMI, Non‐obese, or BMI < 40 Mortality(in‐hospital) · Adults with COVID‐19 Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality (2023) · Cochrane | Odds Ratio 1.67 | 19 studies · 354967 participants | Low |
Obesity Class III vs Normal BMI, Non‐obese, or BMI < 40 Mechanical ventilation(in‐hospital) · Adults with COVID‐19 Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality (2023) · Cochrane | Odds Ratio 2.17 | 11 studies · 174520 participants | High |
Obesity Class I vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese Mortality(in‐hospital) · Adults with COVID‐19 Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality (2023) · Cochrane | Odds Ratio 1.04 | 15 studies · 335209 participants | High |
Obesity Class III vs Normal BMI, Non‐obese, or BMI < 40 ICU admission (adjusted for at least DM, HTN, cardiovascular disease, age, and sex)(in‐hospital) · Adults with COVID‐19 Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality (2023) · Cochrane | Odds Ratio 1.2 | 3 studies · 155405 participants | Moderate |
Obesity Class III vs Normal BMI, Non‐obese, or BMI < 40 Hospitalisation (adjusted for DM, HTN, cardiovascular disease, age, and sex)(30‐days, community) · Adults with COVID‐19 Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality (2023) · Cochrane | Odds Ratio 1.35 | 4 studies · 293004 participants | Low |
Obesity Class III vs Normal BMI, Non‐obese, or BMI < 40 ICU admission (in‐hospital) · Adults with COVID‐19 Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality (2023) · Cochrane | Odds Ratio 2.26 | 7 studies · 15691 participants | Low |
Obesity Class III vs Normal BMI, Non‐obese, or BMI < 40 Hospitalisation (30‐days, community) · Adults with COVID‐19 Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality (2023) · Cochrane | Odds Ratio 1.77 | 7 studies · 747176 participants | Low |
Obesity Class III vs Normal BMI, Non‐obese, or BMI < 40 Severe COVID · Adults with COVID‐19 Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |