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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,434 questions in 139 reviews · Kidney and Transplant
current versionsNo studies 504 · 20.7%Ungraded 40 · 1.6%Very low 611 · 25.1%Low 790 · 32.5%Moderate 414 · 17%High 75 · 3.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Angiotensin receptor blockers vs angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors Cardiovascular death Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.15 [0.45, 2.98] | 13 studies · 1606 participants | Low |
Angiotensin receptor blockers vs angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors Doubling of SCr Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.52, 1.48] | 2 studies · 767 participants | Low |
Angiotensin receptor blockers vs angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors Fatal or nonfatal stroke Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.38, 2.24] | 5 studies · 1146 participants | Low |
Angiotensin receptor blockers vs angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors Fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.25 [0.62, 2.5] | 6 studies · 1209 participants | Low |
Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors vs placebo or no treatment Cardiovascular death Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.67 [0.13, 3.57] | 17 studies · 5625 participants | Very low |
Angiotensin receptor blockers vs angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors Micro‐ to macroalbuminuria Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.67, 1.42] | 965 participants | Low |
Angiotensin receptor blockers vs angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors Micro‐ to normoalbuminuria Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.62, 1.48] | 4 studies · 216 participants | Low |
Dual therapy (angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors plus angiotensin receptor blockers) vs placebo or no treatment All‐cause death1 · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 90 participants | Low |
Dual therapy (angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors plus angiotensin receptor blockers) vs placebo or no treatment Cardiovascular death4 · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 90 participants | Low |
Dual therapy (angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors plus angiotensin receptor blockers) vs placebo or no treatment Doubling of SCr · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dual therapy (angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors plus angiotensin receptor blockers) vs placebo or no treatment Fatal or nonfatal stroke · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dual therapy (angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors plus angiotensin receptor blockers) vs placebo or no treatment Fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dual therapy (angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors plus angiotensin receptor blockers) vs placebo or no treatment Micro‐ to macroalbuminuria5 · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | 0.1 [0.05, 0.24] | 1 study · 82 participants | Low |
Dual therapy (angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors plus angiotensin receptor blockers) vs placebo or no treatment Micro‐ to normoalbuminuria6 · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 5.27 [0.34, 81.57] | 1 study · 82 participants | Very low |
Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) alone vs ACEi plus angiotensin receptor blockers All‐cause death Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.08 [0.49, 2.4] | 6 studies · 1166 participants | Low |
Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors vs placebo or no treatment Doubling of SCr Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.69 [0.47, 1.01] | 8 studies · 6702 participants | Very low |
Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) alone vs ACEi plus angiotensin receptor blockers Cardiovascular death Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 3.02 [0.61, 14.85] | 4 studies · 994 participants | Low |
Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) alone vs ACEi plus angiotensin receptor blockers Doubling of SCr Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.14 [0.7, 1.85] | 2 studies · 813 participants | Low |
Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) alone vs ACEi plus angiotensin receptor blockers Fatal or nonfatal stroke Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.72 [0.23, 2.24] | 2 studies · 775 participants | Low |
Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) alone vs ACEi plus angiotensin receptor blockers Fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.44 [0.17, 1.12] | 3 studies · 880 participants | Low |
Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) alone vs ACEi plus angiotensin receptor blockers Micro‐ to macroalbuminuria Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.25 [0.67, 2.32] | 3 studies · 958 participants | Very low |
Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) alone vs ACEi plus angiotensin receptor blockers Micro‐ to normoalbuminuria Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.08 [0.74, 1.57] | 3 studies · 145 participants | Low |
Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) alone vs angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors plus ARB All‐cause death Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [0.76, 1.37] | 7 studies · 2607 participants | Low |
Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) alone vs angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors plus ARB Cardiovascular death Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 3.03 [0.62, 14.93] | 4 studies · 992 participants | Low |
Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) alone vs angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors plus ARB Doubling of SCr Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.18 [0.85, 1.64] | 3 studies · 2252 participants | Low |
Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) alone vs angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors plus ARB Fatal or nonfatal stroke Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.76 [0.35, 1.65] | 3 studies · 2223 participants | Low |
Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors vs placebo or no treatment Fatal or nonfatal stroke Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [0.8, 1.31] | 2 studies · 4944 participants | Low |
Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) alone vs angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors plus ARB Fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.7 [0.49, 1.01] | 4 studies · 2321 participants | Low |
Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) alone vs angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors plus ARB Micro‐ to macroalbuminuria Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 [0.77, 1.49] | 4 studies · 2410 participants | Low |
Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) alone vs angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors plus ARB Micro‐ to normoalbuminuria Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.74, 1.45] | 3 studies · 151 participants | Low |
Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) vs another ACEi All‐cause death1 Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 269 participants | Low |
Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) vs another ACEi Cardiovascular death4 Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 269 participants | Low |
Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) vs another ACEi Doubling of SCr · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) vs another ACEi Fatal or nonfatal stroke · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) vs another ACEi Fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) vs another ACEi Micro‐ to macroalbuminuria · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) vs another ACEi Micro‐ to normoalbuminuria · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors vs placebo or no treatment Fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.79 [0.57, 1.09] | 3 studies · 5100 participants | Low |
Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) vs another ARB All‐cause death Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.58 [0.05, 7.08] | 5 studies · 2041 participants | Very low |
Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) vs another ARB Cardiovascular death Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.34 [0.47, 3.82] | 4 studies · 1360 participants | Low |
Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) vs another ARB Doubling of SCr4 · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.2, 4.94] | 1 study · 857 participants | Low |
Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) vs another ARB Fatal or nonfatal stroke6 · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 2.21 [0.77, 6.29] | 1 study · 857 participants | Low |
Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) vs another ARB Fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction7 · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.36 [0.12, 1.14] | 1 study · 857 participants | Low |
Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) vs another ARB Micro‐ to macroalbuminuria 8 · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.34 [0.87, 2.07] | 1 study · 716 participants | Low |
Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) vs another ARB Micro‐ to normoalbuminuria9 · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.25, 3.88] | 1 study · 716 participants | Low |
Low‐dose angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) vs high‐dose ARB All‐cause death1 · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 156 participants | Low |
Low‐dose angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) vs high‐dose ARB Cardiovascular death4 · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 156 participants | Low |
Low‐dose angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) vs high‐dose ARB Doubling of SCr · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors vs placebo or no treatment Micro‐ to macroalbuminuria Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.43 [0.28, 0.64] | 19 studies · 2282 participants | Very low |
Low‐dose angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) vs high‐dose ARB Fatal or nonfatal stroke · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |