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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,518 questions in 135 reviews · Infectious Diseases
current versionsNo studies 135 · 8.9%Ungraded 150 · 9.9%Very low 350 · 23.1%Low 420 · 27.7%Moderate 321 · 21.1%High 142 · 9.4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Pyronaridine‐artesunate (PY‐AS) vs artemether‐lumefantrine (AL) First treatment, abnormal ALT increase (42 days) · adults and children with uncomplicated P falciparum malaria Pyronaridine‐artesunate for treating uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria (2022) · Cochrane | RR 3.34 [1.33, 8.39] | 4 studies · 3415 participants | Low |
Pyronaridine‐artesunate (PY‐AS) vs artemether‐lumefantrine (AL) First treatment, abnormal AST increase (42 days) · adults and children with uncomplicated P falciparum malaria Pyronaridine‐artesunate for treating uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria (2022) · Cochrane | RR 3.12 [1.23, 7.94] | 4 studies · 3415 participants | Low |
Pyronaridine‐artesunate (PY‐AS) vs artemether‐lumefantrine (AL) First treatment, abnormal bilirubin increase (42 days) · adults and children with uncomplicated P falciparum malaria Pyronaridine‐artesunate for treating uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.82 [0.33, 2.04] | 3 studies · 3130 participants | Low |
Pyronaridine‐artesunate (PY‐AS) vs artesunate‐amodiaquine (AS‐AQ) Outcomesa · adults and children with uncomplicated P falciparum malaria Pyronaridine‐artesunate for treating uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Habitat manipulation vs no intervention Clinical malaria incidence · people at risk of malaria Mosquito aquatic habitat modification and manipulation interventions to control malaria (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 participants | Very low |
Habitat manipulation and modification with larviciding vs no intervention Haemoglobin levels · people at risk of malaria Mosquito aquatic habitat modification and manipulation interventions to control malaria (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 participants | Moderate |
Habitat manipulation and modification with larviciding vs no intervention Entomological inoculation rate · people at risk of malaria Mosquito aquatic habitat modification and manipulation interventions to control malaria (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 participants | Ungraded |
Habitat manipulation and modification with larviciding vs no intervention Density of adult mosquitoes · people at risk of malaria Mosquito aquatic habitat modification and manipulation interventions to control malaria (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 participants | Moderate |
Habitat manipulation and modification with larviciding vs no intervention Density of immature mosquitoes · people at risk of malaria Mosquito aquatic habitat modification and manipulation interventions to control malaria (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 participants | Moderate |
Habitat manipulation vs no intervention Malaria parasite prevalence · people at risk of malaria Mosquito aquatic habitat modification and manipulation interventions to control malaria (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.01 [0, 0.16] | 2 participants | Very low |
Habitat manipulation vs no intervention EIR · people at risk of malaria Mosquito aquatic habitat modification and manipulation interventions to control malaria (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.05 [0, 1.03] | 1 participants | Very low |
Habitat manipulation vs no intervention Density of adult mosquitoes · people at risk of malaria Mosquito aquatic habitat modification and manipulation interventions to control malaria (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 participants | Low |
Habitat manipulation vs no intervention Density of immature mosquitoes · people at risk of malaria Mosquito aquatic habitat modification and manipulation interventions to control malaria (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 3 participants | Low |
Habitat manipulation with larviciding vs no intervention Malaria parasite prevalence · people at risk of malaria Mosquito aquatic habitat modification and manipulation interventions to control malaria (2022) · Cochrane | OR 0.59 [0.42, 0.83] | 1 participants | Very low |
Habitat manipulation and modification vs no intervention Density of adult mosquitoes · people at risk of malaria Mosquito aquatic habitat modification and manipulation interventions to control malaria (2022) · Cochrane | 0.49 [0.47, 0.5] | 1 participants | Low |
Habitat manipulation and modification vs no intervention Density of immature mosquitoes · people at risk of malaria Mosquito aquatic habitat modification and manipulation interventions to control malaria (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 participants | Low |
Habitat manipulation and modification with larviciding vs no intervention Malaria parasite prevalence · people at risk of malaria Mosquito aquatic habitat modification and manipulation interventions to control malaria (2022) · Cochrane | OR 0.8 [0.41, 1.55] | 1 participants | Moderate |
Malaria rapid diagnostic test (mRDT) vs clinical diagnosis Mortality · people with suspected malaria Adding rapid diagnostic tests to community‐based programmes for treating malaria (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7678 participants | Very low |
Malaria rapid diagnostic test (mRDT) vs clinical diagnosis Antimalarial prescribing to microscopy‐ or PCR‐negative people · people with suspected malaria Adding rapid diagnostic tests to community‐based programmes for treating malaria (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.17 [0.07, 0.4] | 7877 participants | Moderate |
Malaria rapid diagnostic test (mRDT) vs clinical diagnosis Composite appropriate treatment · people with suspected malaria Adding rapid diagnostic tests to community‐based programmes for treating malaria (2022) · Cochrane | RR 3.04 [2.46, 3.74] | 9332 participants | High |
Malaria rapid diagnostic test (mRDT) vs clinical diagnosis Number of people receiving an antimalarial · people with suspected malaria Adding rapid diagnostic tests to community‐based programmes for treating malaria (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.21 [0.14, 0.34] | 4729 participants | Low |
Malaria rapid diagnostic test (mRDT) vs clinical diagnosis Antibiotic prescribing to microscopy‐ or PCR‐negative people · people with suspected malaria Adding rapid diagnostic tests to community‐based programmes for treating malaria (2022) · Cochrane | RR 2.02 [1.21, 3.37] | 5179 participants | Moderate |
Malaria rapid diagnostic test (mRDT) in community‐based care vs health facility care All‐cause mortality and malaria mortality · people with suspected malaria Adding rapid diagnostic tests to community‐based programmes for treating malaria (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9428 participants | Low |
Malaria rapid diagnostic test (mRDT) in community‐based care vs health facility care Hospitalizations · people with suspected malaria Adding rapid diagnostic tests to community‐based programmes for treating malaria (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9428 participants | Low |
Cefixime vs fluoroquinolones Clinical failure · adults and children with enteric fever Treatment of enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid fever) with cephalosporins (2022) · Cochrane | RR 13.39 [3.24, 55.39] | 2 studies · 240 participants | Low |
Ceftriaxone vs azithromycin Relapse · children under 18 years of age with enteric fever Treatment of enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid fever) with cephalosporins (2022) · Cochrane | RR 10.05 [1.93, 52.38] | 3 studies · 185 participants | Very low |
Ceftriaxone vs azithromycin Time to defervescence · children under 18 years of age with enteric fever Treatment of enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid fever) with cephalosporins (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 196 participants | Low |
Ceftriaxone vs azithromycin Duration of hospital stay · children under 18 years of age with enteric fever Treatment of enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid fever) with cephalosporins (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Ceftriaxone vs azithromycin Convalescent faecal carriage · children under 18 years of age with enteric fever Treatment of enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid fever) with cephalosporins (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Ceftriaxone vs azithromycin Serious adverse events · children under 18 years of age with enteric fever Treatment of enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid fever) with cephalosporins (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Ceftriaxone vs fluoroquinolones Clinical failure · adults and children with enteric fever Treatment of enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid fever) with cephalosporins (2022) · Cochrane | RR 3.77 [0.72, 19.81] | 4 studies · 359 participants | Very low |
Ceftriaxone vs fluoroquinolones Microbiological failure · adults and children with enteric fever Treatment of enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid fever) with cephalosporins (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.65 [0.4, 6.83] | 3 studies · 316 participants | Very low |
Ceftriaxone vs fluoroquinolones Relapse · adults and children with enteric fever Treatment of enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid fever) with cephalosporins (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.31, 2.92] | 3 studies · 297 participants | Very low |
Ceftriaxone vs fluoroquinolones Time to defervescence · adults and children with enteric fever Treatment of enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid fever) with cephalosporins (2022) · Cochrane | MD 2.73 | 3 studies · 285 participants | Very low |
Ceftriaxone vs fluoroquinolones Duration of hospital stay · adults and children with enteric fever Treatment of enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid fever) with cephalosporins (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 47 participants | Low |
Cefixime vs fluoroquinolones Microbiological failure · adults and children with enteric fever Treatment of enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid fever) with cephalosporins (2022) · Cochrane | RR 4.07 [0.46, 36.41] | 2 studies · 240 participants | Low |
Ceftriaxone vs fluoroquinolones Convalescent faecal carriage · adults and children with enteric fever Treatment of enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid fever) with cephalosporins (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.18 [0.01, 3.72] | 1 study · 73 participants | Very low |
Ceftriaxone vs fluoroquinolones Serious adverse events · adults and children with enteric fever Treatment of enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid fever) with cephalosporins (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cefixime vs fluoroquinolones Relapse · adults and children with enteric fever Treatment of enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid fever) with cephalosporins (2022) · Cochrane | RR 4.45 [1.11, 17.84] | 2 studies · 220 participants | Low |
Cefixime vs fluoroquinolones Time to defervescence · adults and children with enteric fever Treatment of enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid fever) with cephalosporins (2022) · Cochrane | MD 1.74 [0.5, 2.98] | 3 studies · 425 participants | Low |
Cefixime vs fluoroquinolones Duration of hospital stay · adults and children with enteric fever Treatment of enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid fever) with cephalosporins (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cefixime vs fluoroquinolones Convalescent faecal carriage · adults and children with enteric fever Treatment of enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid fever) with cephalosporins (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cefixime vs fluoroquinolones Serious adverse events · adults and children with enteric fever Treatment of enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid fever) with cephalosporins (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Ceftriaxone vs azithromycin Clinical failure · children under 18 years of age with enteric fever Treatment of enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid fever) with cephalosporins (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.42 [0.11, 1.57] | 3 studies · 196 participants | Low |
Ceftriaxone vs azithromycin Microbiological failure · children under 18 years of age with enteric fever Treatment of enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid fever) with cephalosporins (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.95 [0.36, 10.64] | 3 studies · 196 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Index test result · of people with HIV‐negative or unknown HIV status who are considered eligible for systematic screening for… Symptom‐ and chest‐radiography screening for active pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV‐negative adults and adults… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR False positives (participants incorrectly classified as having tuberculosis disease) · of people with HIV‐negative or unknown HIV status who are considered eligible for systematic screening for… Symptom‐ and chest‐radiography screening for active pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV‐negative adults and adults… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 124 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Index Test result · of people with HIV‐negative or unknown HIV status who are considered eligible for systematic screening for… Symptom‐ and chest‐radiography screening for active pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV‐negative adults and adults… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR True positives (participants with tuberculosis disease) · of people with HIV‐negative or unknown HIV status who are considered eligible for systematic screening for… Symptom‐ and chest‐radiography screening for active pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV‐negative adults and adults… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR False negatives (participants incorrectly classified as not having tuberculosis disease) · of people with HIV‐negative or unknown HIV status who are considered eligible for systematic screening for… Symptom‐ and chest‐radiography screening for active pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV‐negative adults and adults… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 participants | Very low |