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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,050 questions in 42 reviews · Incontinence
current versionsNo studies 391 · 37.2%Ungraded 82 · 7.8%Very low 199 · 19%Low 206 · 19.6%Moderate 150 · 14.3%High 22 · 2.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs anticholinergics Number of incontinence episodes per 24 hours: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 117 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs anticholinergics Number of urgency episodes per 24 hours: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 92 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs anticholinergics Number of micturition episodes per 24 hours: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 175 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) Participant‐reported cure or improvement: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) Symptom‐related quality of life: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 178 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) Number of adverse events: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 97 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) Participant‐reported satisfaction: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) Number of incontinence episodes per 24 hours: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 81 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs no treatment Symptom‐ and condition‐related quality of life: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) Number of urgency episodes per 24 hours: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) Number of micturition episodes per 24 hours: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 81 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs no treatment Number of any adverse events: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs no treatment Participant‐reported satisfaction: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs no treatment Number of incontinence episodes per 24 hours: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 14 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs no treatment Number of urgency episodes per 24 hours: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs no treatment Number of micturition episodes per 24 hours: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs anticholinergics Participant‐reported cure or improvement: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.37 [1.1, 1.7] | 4 studies · 258 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs anticholinergics Symptom‐ and condition‐related quality of life: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 117 participants | Very low |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs no treatment or placebo Subjective improvement or cure of POP symptoms · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs pelvic floor muscle training Objective improvement or cure of POP symptoms · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs pelvic floor muscle training Generic quality of life measures · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs pelvic floor muscle training Participant adherence to intervention · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs pelvic floor muscle training Minor adverse effects: vaginal events · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs pelvic floor muscle training Major adverse events · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs devices such Subjective improvement or cure of POP symptoms · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs devices such Improvement or cure of associated sexual symptoms · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs devices such Objective improvement or cure of POP symptoms · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs devices such Generic quality of life measures · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs devices such Participant adherence to intervention · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs no treatment or placebo Improvement or cure of associated sexual symptoms · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs devices such Minor adverse effects: vaginal events · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs devices such Major adverse events · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs surgery Subjective improvement or cure of POP symptoms · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs surgery Improvement or cure of associated sexual symptoms · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs surgery Objective improvement or cure of POP symptoms · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs surgery Generic quality of life measures · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs surgery Participant adherence to intervention · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs surgery Minor adverse effects: vaginal events · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs surgery Major adverse events · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs no treatment or placebo Objective improvement or cure of POP symptoms · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs no treatment or placebo Generic quality of life measures · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs no treatment or placebo Participant adherence to intervention · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs no treatment or placebo Minor adverse effects: vaginal events · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs no treatment or placebo Major adverse events · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs pelvic floor muscle training Subjective improvement or cure of POP symptoms · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs pelvic floor muscle training Improvement or cure of associated sexual symptoms · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) plus biofeedback vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction Subjective cure or improvement: patient‐reported as defined by the trialists, > 6 to 12 months · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery Conservative interventions for managing urinary incontinence after prostate surgery (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 102 participants | Low |
Electrical or magnetic stimulation vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction Objective cure or improvement: > 6 to 12 months · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery Conservative interventions for managing urinary incontinence after prostate surgery (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electrical or magnetic stimulation vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction Participant adherence to the intervention: as reported by the trialists, > 6 to 12 months · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery Conservative interventions for managing urinary incontinence after prostate surgery (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electrical or magnetic stimulation vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction General quality of life: > 6 to 12 months · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery Conservative interventions for managing urinary incontinence after prostate surgery (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |